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Brain Volume Determination in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Using Rats

  • Chapter
Brain Edema XVI

Part of the book series: Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement ((NEUROCHIRURGICA,volume 121))

Abstract

Brain edema is routinely measured using the wet-dry method. Volume, however, is the sum total of all cerebral tissues, including water. Therefore, volumetric change following injury may not be adequately quantified using percentage of edema. We thus tested the hypothesis that dried brains can be reconstituted with water and then re-measured to determine the actual volume. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was induced by endovascular perforation in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 30). Animals were euthanized at 24 and 72 h after evaluation of neurobehavior for determination of brain water content. Dried brains were thereafter reconstituted with equal parts of water (lost from brain edema) and centrifuged to remove air bubbles. The total volume was quantified using hydrostatic (underwater) physics principles that 1 ml water (mass) = 1 cm3 (volume). The amount of additional water needed to reach a preset level marked on 2-ml test tubes was added to that lost from brain edema, and from the brain itself, to determine the final volume. SAH significantly increased both brain water and volume while worsening neurological function in affected rats. Volumetric measurements demonstrated significant brain swelling after SAH, in addition to the brain edema approach. This modification of the “wet-dry” method permits brain volume determination using valuable post hoc dried brain tissue.

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Acknowledgment

This study was partially supported by the National Institutes of Health grant RO1 NS078755 (Dr Zhang).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA

    Tim Lekic, Maurice Hardy, Mutsumi Fujii & Devin W. McBride

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA

    John H. Zhang MD, PhD

  3. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11041 Campus Street, Risley Hall Rm 219, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA

    John H. Zhang MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Tim Lekic
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  2. Maurice Hardy
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  3. Mutsumi Fujii
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  4. Devin W. McBride
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  5. John H. Zhang MD, PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to John H. Zhang MD, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA

    Richard L. Applegate

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Soochow University The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China

    Gang Chen

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Third Military Medical University Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China

    Hua Feng

  4. Dept.of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA

    John H. Zhang

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Lekic, T., Hardy, M., Fujii, M., McBride, D.W., Zhang, J.H. (2016). Brain Volume Determination in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Using Rats. In: Applegate, R., Chen, G., Feng, H., Zhang, J. (eds) Brain Edema XVI. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement, vol 121. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18497-5_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18497-5_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-18496-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-18497-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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