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A Reaction-Diffusion Simulation Model of [\(^{18}\)F]FDG PET Imaging for the Quantitative Interpretation of Tumor Glucose Metabolism

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Computational Methods for Molecular Imaging

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics ((LNCVB,volume 22))

Abstract

Positron emission tomography (PET) using \(^{18}\)F-fludeoxyglucose ([\(^{18}\)F]FDG) improves the cancer diagnosis by visualizing the pathological pathway of Warburg effect. As an analog of glucose, FDG uptake is mediated by glucose transporter (GLUT) and hexokinase (HK), which can be overexpressed under tumor hypoxia conditions. Quantitative interpretation of the images to the feature of tumor microenvironment is important to improve tumor staging and localization. However, it is usually difficult for such kind of quantitative analysis due to the complex metabolic procedure of multi-substance system within tumor. This study proposes a novel reaction-diffusion model to simulate the procedures of FDG: transported into tumor cells, catalyzed by GLUT and phosphorylated by HK leading to the production of FDG-6-phosphate (FDG6P) similar to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). Hypoxia induced factor-1 (HIF-1) is incorporated to control the upregulations of GLUT and HK. The simulation results are compared with dynamic PET scans of nude mice with lymphoma xenograft tumors, which confirmed that the simulation can approach to real measurements. With this quantitative simulation model, the interaction of FDG to the substances, oxygen, HIF-1, glucose, G6P, and FDG6P within the tumor microenvironment is investigated under various vascularizations. By controlling the expression factor of GLUT and HK, their influences on FDG uptake is further assessed. The preliminary results of the simulation model have shown a potential to improve the quantification of FDG PET image and to assist cancer diagnosis and therapy prognosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany

    Qian Wang, Zhen Liu, Sibylle I. Ziegler & Kuangyu Shi

Authors
  1. Qian Wang
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  2. Zhen Liu
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  3. Sibylle I. Ziegler
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  4. Kuangyu Shi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qian Wang .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Siemens Medical Solutions, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA

    Fei Gao

  2. Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany

    Kuangyu Shi

  3. GE Healthcare and University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

    Shuo Li

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Wang, Q., Liu, Z., Ziegler, S.I., Shi, K. (2015). A Reaction-Diffusion Simulation Model of [\(^{18}\)F]FDG PET Imaging for the Quantitative Interpretation of Tumor Glucose Metabolism. In: Gao, F., Shi, K., Li, S. (eds) Computational Methods for Molecular Imaging. Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics, vol 22. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18431-9_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18431-9_13

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-18431-9

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