Abstract
Anxiety is transmitted from parents to children both genetically and environmentally (Creswell, Murray, Stacey, & Cooper, 2011). On the one hand, biologic vulnerability to anxiety explains up to 30–40 % of anxiety variability, while environmental factors account for the rest (Barlow, 2002). On the other hand, the way parents conduct exposure to the environment, the way they react to new, uncertain, or ambiguous stimuli, and the reinforcements and punishments they apply, all can model anxious emotional responses and behaviors. While inborn personality features such as neuroticism favor anxious responses, fear is learned in the environment, and there are several mechanisms which can explain how a child learns to be afraid of particular stimuli and situations:
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Notes
- 1.
Based on the information obtained during the assessment phase.
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Acknowledgments
This chapter was funded by the Romanian Executive Unit for Financing Education Higher Research, Development and Innovation (UEFISCDI) via the “Effectiveness of an empirically based web platform for anxiety in youths” grant, number PN-II-PT-PCCA-2011-3.1-1500, 81/2012 coordinated by Dr. Anca Dobrean.
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Cristea, I.A., Stefan, S., David, O., Mogoase, C., Dobrean, A. (2016). Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (RE&BT) Treatment Protocol for Anxiety in Children and Adolescents. In: REBT in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adults. SpringerBriefs in Psychology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18419-7_4
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