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Diabetes Mellitus

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Pediatric Endocrinology

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the second most common chronic disease of childhood (if you do not count obesity, asthma is the most common) and is characterized by elevated blood glucose caused by inadequate insulin production or insulin action that leads to disordered carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. This may derive from inadequate insulin secretion (the basic defect in type 1 DM or T1DM), from inadequate insulin action, or both (both defects occur in type 2 DM or T2DM). Variations are found on these two themes with some overlap in the presentation of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Until the last decades, type 1 DM was the most common diagnosis in subjects younger than 18 years with new-onset DM, but now type 2 is becoming more prevalent and the incidence of T2DM exceeds the incidence of type 1 DM in American Indian teenagers with the incidence in other ethnic groups exceeding Caucasians rising. The differentiation between the two is not always straightforward in the young patient (Table 11.1). Recent statistics from four geographic areas of the USA demonstrated a prevalence of type 1 diabetes in children of 1.93 per 1,000 with a rise of about 20 % in the preceding decade. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children was 0.46 per 1,000 with a rise of 30 % in the preceding decade.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA

    Dennis M. Styne (Pediatrics)

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  1. Dennis M. Styne
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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Styne, D.M. (2016). Diabetes Mellitus. In: Pediatric Endocrinology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18371-8_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18371-8_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-18370-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-18371-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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