Skip to main content

Virtual Worlds as Support Tools for Public Engagement in Urban Design

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Planning Support Systems and Smart Cities

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography ((LNGC))

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to show how important it is to use visualization techniques for enhancing public participation in creating smart cities. The chapter focuses on exploring people’s opinions with regard to urban design, and on exploring new media and digital tools for public engagement. More specifically, it focuses on exploring the potential of using virtual worlds in the process of urban design from the first stages of the design process to the construction and maintenance phases. Quantitative and qualitative research methods have been used for the purposes of this chapter. The Terf virtual world is explored as a laboratory for interdisciplinary collaboration in urban design as well as an interface allowing involvement of different actors within a public participatory process. The final part of this chapter offers guidelines for future development of support tools for public engagement, especially concerning the Terf virtual world, and their potential use by municipalities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • 3D Immersive Collaboration Consulting. (2014). Immersive Terf. http://3dicc.com/. Accessed December 10, 2014.

  • Acland, A. (2012). Dialogue by design: A handbook of public and stakeholder engagement. London, Dialogue by design. http://designer.dialoguebydesign.net/docs/Dialogue_by_Design_Handbook.pdf. Accessed December 10, 2014.

  • Al-Douri, F., Clayton, M., & Abrams R. (2001). The impact of 3D digital modeling on 3D design aspects in urban design plans. eCAADe23, Conference Proceedings, pp. 331–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-kodmany, K. (2002). Visualization tools and methods in community planning: From freehand sketches to virtual reality. Journal of Planning Literature, 17(2), 189–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, C. (2007). The timeless way. In M. Larice & E. Macdonald (Eds.), The urban design reader. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bainbridge, W. S. (2010). Online worlds: Convergence of the real and the virtual. London: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Barlett Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis. (2014). CASA. http://www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/casa. Accessed December 10, 2014.

  • Burton, E., & Mitchell, M. (2006). Inclusive urban design: Streets for life. Oxford: Architectural Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buscher, V., Doody, L., Webb, M., & Aoun, C. (2014). Urban mobility in the smart city age. London: Schneider Electric, ARUP, The Climate Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • CABE, DETR. (2001). The value of urban design: A research project commissioned by CABE and DETR to examine the value added by good urban design. London: Thomas Telford Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carmona, M. (2010). Public places—urban spaces: The dimensions of urban design (2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cloud cities. (2014). https://www.cloudciti.es/#!/. Accessed December 10, 2014.

  • de Roo, G., & Silva, E. A. (2010). A planner’s encounter with complexity. Burlington, VA: Ashgate Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cullen, G. (2007). The urban design reader. London, New Yok, Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Future Cities ETH. (2014). http://www.futurecities.ethz.ch/. Accessed December 10, 2014.

  • Gann, D. (2014). Smart London Plan. London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haller, C. (2009). Cross-media public participation. Denver: Place Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanzl, M. (2007). Information technology as a tool for public participation in urban planning: A review of experiments and potentials. Design Studies, 28(3), 289–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, J. G. (2006). Forms of participation in urban redevelopment projects: The differing roles of public and stakeholder contributions to design decision making processes. In J. P. Leeuwen & H. J. P. Timmermans (Eds.), Innovations in design & decision support systems in architecture and urban planning (pp. 375–390). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, Q. (2006). Virtual-Communities, virtual settlements and cyber-archaeology: A theoretical outline. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3(3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jupp, E. (2008). The feeling of participation: Everyday spaces and urban change. Geoforum, 39, 331–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jutraž, A. (2013). Sistem vizualnih digitalnih orodij za participacijo splošne javnosti pri prostorskem načrtovanju = Visual digital system of tools for public participation in urban design. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Ljubljana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitchin, R. (1998). Cyberspace: The world in the wires. Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenarčič, B. (2002). Fizično vs. virtualno mesto. Dissertation, University of Ljubljana. http://dk.fdv.uni-lj.si/dela/Lenarcic-Blaz.PDF. Accessed December 10, 2014.

  • MFE/NZ. (2005). The value of urban design: The economic, environmental and social benefits of urban design. New Zealand: Ministry for the Environment.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nasar, J. L. (1990). The evaluative image of the city. Journal of the American Planning Association, 56(1), 41–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NLA. (2014). Smarter London: How digital technologies are shaping the city (NLA Insight Study). London: NLA London’s Centre for the Built Environment.

    Google Scholar 

  • OULO 3D. (2014). Retrieved January 01, 2014, from http://www.oulu3d.fi/3d-spaces/. Accessed December 10, 2014.

  • Panagopoulos, T., Andrade, R. R., & Barreira, A. P. (2009). Citizen participation in city planning and public decision assisted with ontologies and 3D semantics. In A. Rocha, F. Restivo, L. Reis & S. Torrão (Eds.), 4th Iberic conference of systems and information technologies (pp. 167–172). Portugal: Póvoa de Varzim.

    Google Scholar 

  • Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors and Department of the Environment. (1996). Quality of urban design: A study on the involvement of private property decision-makers in urban design. London: Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors and Department of the Environment.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saad-sulonen, J. (2005). Mediaattori—Urban Mediator: A hybrid infrastructure for neighborhoods. Media Lab: University of Art and Design Helsinki.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salter, J. D., Campbell, C., Journeay, M., & Sheppard, S. R. J. (2009). The digital workshop: Exploring the use of interactive and immersive visualisation tools in participatory planning. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(6), 2090–2101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Senbel, M., & Church, S. P. (2011). Design empowerment: The limits of accessible visualization media in neighborhood densification. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 31(4), 423–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SIM Lab Vienna. (2014). http://simlab.tuwien.ac.at/. Accessed December 10, 2014.

  • Slotterback, C. S. (2011). Planners’ perspectives on using technology in participatory processes. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 38(3), 468–485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smarter Better Cities. (2014). http://www.smarterbettercities.ch/about-us/. Accessed December 10, 2014.

  • Smith, A. H. (2003). Digitally distributed urban environments: The prospects for online planning. University College London. www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/andy/. Accessed December 10, 2014.

  • Smith, A., Dodge, M., & Doyle, S. (1998). Visual communication in urban planning and urban design. London: UCL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stiles, R. (2007). A guideline for making space: Joint strategy activity 3.3. Dunaj: TU Wien and UrbSpace.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strehovec, J. (1992). Umetnost virtualnih strojev (pp. 150–151). Časopis Za Kritiko Znanosti XX: Virtualna Resničnost.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuan, Y. F. (1977). Space and place: The perspective of experience. Minneapolis: Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • UCLA. (2014). Urban simulation team. http://www.ust.ucla.edu/ustweb/ust.html. Accessed December 10, 2014.

  • Vandell, K. D., & Lane, J. S. (1989). The economics of architecture findings and urban design: Some preliminary economics. Journal of Real Estate, 17(2), 235–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whyte, J. (2010). Virtual reality and the built environment. London and New York: Architectural Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeang, L. D. (2000). Urban design compendium. United Kingdom: English Partnerships.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research project was carried out in co-operation with the company 3D ICC Immersive Collaboration, and the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) supported it. The research was part of Ph.D research at the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture. We would like to thank Julie LeMoine and Ron Teitelbaum from the 3D ICC Immersive Collaboration for their assistance and for the opportunity to explore and work in Terf, an immersive virtual environment.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anja Jutraz .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jutraz, A., Zupancic, T. (2015). Virtual Worlds as Support Tools for Public Engagement in Urban Design. In: Geertman, S., Ferreira, Jr., J., Goodspeed, R., Stillwell, J. (eds) Planning Support Systems and Smart Cities. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18368-8_21

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics