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Dungey’s Reconnection Model of the Earth’s Magnetosphere: The First 40 Years

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Magnetospheric Plasma Physics: The Impact of Jim Dungey’s Research

Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings ((ASSSP,volume 41))

Abstract

The proposal of the ‘reconnection’ or ‘open’ model of the Earth’s magnetosphere was undoubtedly the most important contribution of Jim Dungey’s remarkable scientific career, forming the theoretical basis which continues to underpin our understanding of the terrestrial outer plasma environment. In this paper we first consider the development of the ideas which led to this proposal, starting from PhD studies with Fred Hoyle in Cambridge in 1947. Work stimulated by Hoyle’s theory of the auroras centred on the formation of current sheets in the vicinity of magnetic neutral points and the occurrence of field line reconnection, leading directly to a first description of the ‘open’ model in Jim’s thesis submitted in September 1950. While the ideas concerned with magnetic reconnection were subsequently published in 1953, the ‘open’ model itself was not published until 1961, under circumstances in which in situ spacecraft data relevant to the magnetosphere and interplanetary medium were becoming available for the first time. Initial clear observational confirmation of the model, relating magnetic disturbances at the Earth to the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field, came 5 years later. We chart the development of the model and its many ramifications over the following three decades, by Jim Dungey until his retirement in 1984, and by colleagues at Imperial College, under circumstances in which ideas could increasingly be tested in detail against space- and ground-based data of greatly expanding volume and sophistication.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    This opening joke from Dungey’s address refers to Blackett’s retirement from the Department of Physics (subsequently the ‘Blackett Laboratory’) at Imperial College in July 1963, thus rendering available his ‘used’ professorial chair. Blackett was awarded the 1948 Nobel Prize for Physics, for particle physics research using high-energy cosmic rays.

  2. 2.

    Dessler (1964) had proposed a magnetosphere model that contained an essentially fixed tail extending to the outer boundary of the heliosphere. We mention this only to give some idea of the nature of contemporary commentary.

  3. 3.

    The story in the last section of David Southwood’s contribution concerning publication in 1970 of the paper by Aubry and co-workers is telling in this regard.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to David Southwood for useful commentary on an earlier draft of this contribution.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK

    Stanley W. H. Cowley FRS

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  1. Stanley W. H. Cowley FRS
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

    Stanley W. H. Cowley FRS

  2. Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

    David Southwood

  3. St. Edmund's College, Cambridge, United Kingdom

    Simon Mitton

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Cowley FRS, S.W.H. (2015). Dungey’s Reconnection Model of the Earth’s Magnetosphere: The First 40 Years. In: Cowley FRS, S., Southwood, D., Mitton, S. (eds) Magnetospheric Plasma Physics: The Impact of Jim Dungey’s Research. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, vol 41. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18359-6_1

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