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Directed Assembly and Self-organization of Metal Nanoparticles in Two and Three Dimensions

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Anisotropic Nanomaterials

Part of the book series: NanoScience and Technology ((NANO))

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Abstract

Properties of metals and other compounds change in comparison to their bulk materials when they are prepared as sufficiently small particles, usually in the 1–50 nm range. A myriad of applications for these nanoparticles have been conceived and tested and their presence in consumer products is already ubiquitous. It was established right from the beginning that the properties of materials containing nanoparticles not only depend on their size, shape, and composition but also their spatial arrangement. Most prominent are predictable changes to their optical properties when nanoparticles are positioned in ordered arrays and sufficiently close to permit electronic interactions. This chapter describes the recent advancements in the arrangement of metal nanoparticles into defined structures of two- and three-dimensional order by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique, layer-by-layer deposition, and the self-organization of liquid crystalline and amphiphilic metal nanoparticles. The large volume of work on the (directed) self-assembly of nanoparticles is just briefly presented in the introduction as it has been extensively and comprehensively reviewed by others. While the Langmuir-Blodgett technique can generate monolayer and multilayer materials, the other two techniques (layer-by-layer deposition and the self-organization) are predominantly applied to the preparation of three-dimensionally ordered materials. Discussed in great detail is how the purity and size-distribution of employed metal nanoparticles and the structure of their protective layer(s) affect their ability to generate two- and three-dimensionally ordered arrangements of high quality and persistence length by any of the three techniques. Processing conditions are described in less detail because they do not differ from those used for molecular materials, although they are equally important to the preparation of structures of long-range order. Finally, possible applications and properties of materials prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique, Layer-by-layer deposition, and self-organization are described if deemed important.

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  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada

    S. Holger Eichhorn & Jonathan K. Yu

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    Quan Li

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Eichhorn, S.H., Yu, J.K. (2015). Directed Assembly and Self-organization of Metal Nanoparticles in Two and Three Dimensions. In: Li, Q. (eds) Anisotropic Nanomaterials. NanoScience and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18293-3_8

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