Abstract
Six-axial force sensors and inertial sensors were used together to construct a wireless wearable sensor system for the successive and non-laboratory measurement of gait. The system consists of the wearable sensor shoes and motion sensors. In order to diminish the influence of motion acceleration in the measurements of accelerometers and the disturbance of surrounding magnetic field in the measurements of magnetic sensors, we modified the Extended Kalman Filter to check the values of the acceleration and magnetic field intensity before updating. And a reference system composed of high speed cameras and stationary force plates are used to validate the reliability of the wearable system. The experiment results showed that the wearable system is able to measure the ground reaction force (GRF), joint angles, joint forces and joint moments.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Passmore, E., Sangeux, M.: Improving repeatability of setting volume origin and coordinate system for 3D gait analysis. Gait & Posture 39, 831–833 (2014)
Betker, A.L., Szturm, T., Moussavi, Z.M.K.: Estimation of 2-D center of mass movement during trunk flexion-extension movements using body accelerations. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehab. Eng. 17(6), 553–559 (2009)
Tesio, L., Rota, V., Chessa, C., Perucca, L.: The 3-D path of body center of mass during adult human walking on force treadmill. J. Biomechan. 43(5), 938–944 (2010)
Carse, B., Meadows, B., Bowers, R., Rowe, P.: Affordable clinical gait analysis: An assessment of the marker tracking accuracy of a new low-cost optical 3D motion analysis system. Physiotherapy 99, 347–351 (2013)
Mihradi, S., Ferryanto, Dirgantara, T., Mahyuddin, A.I.: Tracking of makers for 2D and 3D gait analysis using home video cameras. International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 4(3), 36–52 (2013)
Li, Q., Young, M., Naing, V., Donelan, J.M.: Walking speed estimation using a shank-mounted inertial measurement unit. J. Biomech. 43(8), 1640–1643 (2010)
Hartmann, A., Murer, K., de Bie, R.A., de Bruin, E.D.: Reproducibility of spatio-temporal gait parameters under different conditions in older adults using a trunk tri-axial accelerometer system. Gait and Posture 30(3), 351–355 (2009)
Galen, S.S., Clarke, C.J., Allan, D.B., Conway, B.A.: A portable gait assessment tool to record temporal gait parameters in SCI. Med. Eng. Phys. 33(5), 626–632 (2011)
McGrath, D., Greene, B.R., Walsh, C., Caulfield, B.: Estimation of minimum ground clearance (MGC) using body-worn inertial sensors. J. Biomechan. 44(6), 1083–1088 (2011)
Mayagoitia, R.E., Nene, A.V., Veltink, P.H.: Accelerometer and rate gyroscope measurement of kinematics: an inexpensive alternative to optical motion analysis systems. Journal of Biomechanics 35, 537–542 (2002)
Wentink, E.C., Beijen, S.I., Hermens, H.J., Rietman, J.S., Veltink, P.H.: Intention detection of gait initiation using EMG and kinematic data. Gait & Posture 37, 223–228 (2013)
Rueterbories, J., Spaich, E.G., Andersen, O.K.: Characterization of gait pattern by 3D angular accelerations in hemiparetic and healthy gait. Gait & Posture 37, 183–189 (2013)
Lopez-Sanroman, F.J., Holmbak-Petersen, R., Santiago, I., Gomez de Segura, I.A., Barrey, E.: Gait analysis using 3D accelerometry in horses sedated with xylazine. The Veterinary Journal 193, 212–216 (2012)
Liu, T., Inoue, Y., Shibata, K., Shiojima, K., Han, M.M.: Triaxial joint moment estimation using a wearable three-dimensional gait analysis system. Measurement 47, 125–129 (2014)
Faivre, A., Dahan, M., Parratte, B., Monnier, G.: Instrumented shoes for pathological gait assessment. Mechanics Research Communications 31, 627–632 (2004)
Galen, S.S., Clarke, C.J., Allan, D.B., Conway, B.A.: A portable gait assessment tool to record temporal gait parameters in SCI. Medical Engineering & Physics 33, 626–632 (2011)
Macleod, C.A., Conway, B.A., Allan, D.B., Galen, S.S.: Development and validation of a low-cost, portable and wireless gait assessment tool. Medical Engineering & Physics 36, 541–546 (2014)
Liu, T., Inoue, Y., Shibata, K.: A wearable force plate system for the continuous measurement of triaxial ground reaction force in biomechanical applications. Measurement Science and Technology 21(8), 085804–085813 (2010)
Liu, T., Inoue, Y., Shibata, K., Shiojima, K.: A mobile force plate and three-dimensional motion analysis system for three-dimensional gait assessment. IEEE Sensors Journal 12(5), 1461–1467 (2012)
Brookner, E.: Tracking and Kalman Filtering Made Easy. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1998)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Li, G., Liu, T., Inoue, Y. (2015). Measurement of Human Gait Using a Wearable System with Force Sensors and Inertial Sensors. In: Mukhopadhyay, S. (eds) Wearable Electronics Sensors. Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation, vol 15. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18191-2_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18191-2_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-18190-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-18191-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)