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H2S Synthesizing Enzymes: Biochemistry and Molecular Aspects

  • Chapter
Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Hydrogen Sulfide

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 230))

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a biologically active gas that is synthesized naturally by three enzymes, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthetase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). These enzymes are constitutively present in a wide array of biological cells and tissues and their expression can be induced by a number of disease states. It is becoming increasingly clear that H2S is an important mediator of a wide range of cell functions in health and in disease. This review therefore provides an overview of the biochemical and molecular regulation of H2S synthesizing enzymes both in physiological conditions and their modulation in disease states with particular focus on their regulation in asthma, atherosclerosis and diabetes. The importance of small molecule inhibitors in the study of molecular pathways, the current use of common H2S synthesizing enzyme inhibitors and the relevant characteristics of mice in which these enzymes have been genetically deleted will also be summarized. With a greater understanding of the molecular regulation of these enzymes in disease states, as well as the availability of novel small molecules with high specificity targeted towards H2S producing enzymes, the potential to regulate the biological functions of this intriguing gas H2S for therapeutic effect can perhaps be brought one step closer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurobiology Group, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Caleb Weihao Huang & Philip Keith Moore

  2. NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore

    Caleb Weihao Huang

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  1. Caleb Weihao Huang
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  2. Philip Keith Moore
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  1. National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Philip K. Moore

  2. ST. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom

    Matt Whiteman

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Huang, C.W., Moore, P.K. (2015). H2S Synthesizing Enzymes: Biochemistry and Molecular Aspects. In: Moore, P., Whiteman, M. (eds) Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Hydrogen Sulfide. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 230. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18144-8_1

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