Abstract
There is something profoundly primal in the sight and the sound of a baby that draws an emotional and empathetic response from adults, even those of a different species. The removal and slaughter of baby farmed animals must, therefore, be carried out as invisibly as possible, as most viewers would find the spectacle intolerable. Consensual selective blindness is an essential ingredient of all animal agriculture, but particularly the treatment of unwanted babies, considered "waste products". Case studies of male dairy calves and male cockerels illustrate the difficulty of promoting compassionate ethical positions in cases where animals have no commercial value.
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- 1.
Stevenson (2012), Chapter XI.
- 2.
Holmes (2014).
- 3.
De Dreu et al. (2011).
- 4.
Patterson (2002), p. 116.
- 5.
Davis (1998).
- 6.
Kristof (2014).
- 7.
Rollin (2008), p. 252.
- 8.
Patterson (2002), p. 116.
- 9.
The Pig Site (2012).
- 10.
Hanson (2014).
- 11.
Gandhi (2013).
- 12.
Maday (2014).
- 13.
Adams (2010), pp. 73–74.
- 14.
Derrida (1974), p. 278.
- 15.
Adams (2010), p. 74.
- 16.
Stewart and Cole (2009), p. 462.
- 17.
Ellis (2013), pp. 358–9.
- 18.
Sinclair (1965), p. 50.
- 19.
Australian Chicken Meat Federation Inc. (2011).
- 20.
Ellis (2013), p. 363.
- 21.
Goodfellow and Radan (2013).
- 22.
O’Sullivan (2011), p. 4.
- 23.
Ibid., p. 60.
- 24.
Adams (2010), p. 21.
- 25.
Francione (2008a).
- 26.
Wagman and Liebman (2011), p. 26.
- 27.
Ibid., p. 28.
- 28.
Ibid., p. 30.
- 29.
Wedderburn (2009).
- 30.
Tobias (2012).
- 31.
Wedderburn (2009).
- 32.
Personal communication from Hailey Chang, PETA Asia.
- 33.
Wang (2014).
- 34.
Humane Society US (2014).
- 35.
Sunstein and Nussbaum (2004), p. 210.
- 36.
Ibid., p. 6.
- 37.
Radford (2001), pp. 3–4.
- 38.
NSW Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (1979).
- 39.
Norwood and Lusk (2011), p. 4.
- 40.
Dale and White (2013), pp. 155–156.
- 41.
Sharman (2013), p. 81.
- 42.
Goodfellow (2013), p. 186.
- 43.
- 44.
Francione (2008a).
- 45.
Donovan (2008), p. 250.
- 46.
Ellis (2013), p. 345.
- 47.
Voiceless (2009).
- 48.
Ibid.
- 49.
Ellis (2013), p. 353.
- 50.
FAOSTAT (2013).
- 51.
Dairyco (2014).
- 52.
FAOSTAT (2013).
- 53.
Ibid.
- 54.
Ibid.
- 55.
- 56.
The Poultry Site (2015).
- 57.
Galloway (2014).
- 58.
The Herald Scotland (2014).
- 59.
Norwood and Lusk (2011), pp. 142–143.
- 60.
- 61.
Humphreys (2013).
- 62.
Bardsley (2012).
- 63.
Singer (2009), p. 17.
- 64.
Pollan (2006), p. 71.
- 65.
Price et al. (2003), p. 116.
- 66.
Dairy Australia, Care of bobby calves on-farm.
- 67.
Dairy Australia, Care of bobby calves on-farm.
- 68.
Norwood and Lusk (2011), p. 145.
- 69.
- 70.
Mendelson (2012), p. 131.
- 71.
McWilliams (2013).
- 72.
Ibid.
- 73.
Dairy Australia, Australian dairy farmers are committed to caring for their calves.
- 74.
Humphreys (2013).
- 75.
Turk (2007).
- 76.
Ibid.
- 77.
Ibid.
- 78.
Norwood and Lusk (2011), p. 141.
- 79.
Ibid., pp. 141–142.
- 80.
- 81.
The Dairy Site (2010).
- 82.
Ibid.
- 83.
The Herald Scotland (2014).
- 84.
Eurogroup for animals (2010), p. 31.
- 85.
Ibid.
- 86.
Ibid.
- 87.
Mercy For Animals (2014).
- 88.
Fox (2014).
- 89.
Cronshaw (2014).
- 90.
Australian Bureau of Statistics (2014).
- 91.
Dairy Australia, Latest production and sales statistics.
- 92.
Dairy Australia, Cows and farms.
- 93.
E.g. NSW Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (1979).
- 94.
Sharman (2013), pp. 75–6.
- 95.
Wolfson and Sullivan (2004), p. 206.
- 96.
Dale and White (2013), pp. 152.
- 97.
Ibid.
- 98.
Ibid, p. 153.
- 99.
- 100.
Ellis (2010), p. 32.
- 101.
Primary Industries Ministerial Council (2011).
- 102.
Australian Animal Welfare Standards and Guidelines, Land Transport Consultative Process (2013).
- 103.
ENVision Environment Consulting (2011).
- 104.
Primary Industries Ministerial Council (2011).
- 105.
Cave et al. (2005).
- 106.
Hemsworth et al. (1995), p. 167.
- 107.
de Witte (2009), p. 155.
- 108.
Australian Animal Welfare Standards and Guidelines, Appendix 3 (2011).
- 109.
Ibid.
- 110.
Animals Australia, Do you want to know a secret?
- 111.
Neales (2011).
- 112.
Australian Animal Welfare Standards and Guidelines (2011), n 40, 2.
- 113.
Ibid, p. 5.
- 114.
Dale and White (2013), p. 175.
- 115.
Australian Animal Welfare Standards and Guidelines, Appendix 3 (2011), pp. 9–10.
- 116.
Australian Animal Welfare Standards and Guidelines, Bobby Calf Time Off Feed Standard.
- 117.
Ellis (2013), p. 347.
- 118.
Dale and White (2013), p. 176.
- 119.
Vidot (2013a).
- 120.
Vidot (2013b).
- 121.
Bettles (2013).
- 122.
Wagman and Liebman (2011), p. 68.
- 123.
Back Yard Chickens (2008).
- 124.
DeGrazia (2012), p. 219.
- 125.
Gov. UK (2012).
- 126.
National Animal Welfare Advisory Committee (2012), p. 31.
- 127.
Marcus (2012), p. 346.
- 128.
Friedrich (2013).
- 129.
DeGrazia (2012), p. 219.
- 130.
American Egg Board (2014).
- 131.
World Poultry (2012).
- 132.
LA Times (2014).
- 133.
Ibid.
- 134.
Francione (2008b).
- 135.
- 136.
CBC News (2009).
- 137.
AVMA (2013), pp. 100–102.
- 138.
Mercy For Animals (2009).
- 139.
Ibid.
- 140.
CBC News (2009).
- 141.
Ibid.
- 142.
Ibid.
- 143.
Ibid.
- 144.
Poulter (2010).
- 145.
Saraswathy (2014).
- 146.
European Union. The EU and animal welfare: policy objectives.
- 147.
European Union. Council regulation (EC) No 1099/2009.
- 148.
Buhl (2013), p. 3.
- 149.
European Union. Council regulation (EC) No 1099/2009, p. L303/23.
- 150.
Ibid.
- 151.
European Union. Council regulation (EC) No 1099/2009, p. L303/3.
- 152.
Ibid.
- 153.
European Union. Council regulation (EC) No 1099/2009, p. L303/8.
- 154.
European Union. Council regulation (EC) No 1099/2009, p. L303/19.
- 155.
European Union. Council regulation (EC) No 1099/2009, p. L303/9.
- 156.
Buhl (2013), p. 1.
- 157.
Animal Welfare Act (2006), section 17.
- 158.
Buhl (2013), p. 2.
- 159.
Sewell (2013).
- 160.
Buhl (2013), p. 7.
- 161.
European Union. Council regulation (EC) No 1099/2009, p. L303/17.
- 162.
Buhl (2013), p. 7.
- 163.
Pollan (2006), pp. 332–333.
- 164.
- 165.
Weigel (2003), p. E120.
- 166.
McMillan (2010).
- 167.
The Herald Scotland (2014).
- 168.
Ibid.
- 169.
Humane Society International India (2014).
- 170.
Saraswathy (2014).
- 171.
Shamir et al. (2013).
- 172.
Ibid.
- 173.
- 174.
Ibid.
- 175.
Shop Ethical! (2010).
- 176.
- 177.
- 178.
Kilkenny People (2014).
- 179.
Ibid.
- 180.
Taylor (2008), p. 64.
- 181.
Poulter (2010).
- 182.
Neales (2011).
- 183.
Levinas (1990), p. 294.
- 184.
Levinas (1985), p. 86.
- 185.
Levinas (1988), p. 172.
- 186.
Calarco (2013), p. 62.
- 187.
Ibid., p. 63.
- 188.
Wise (2000), p. 66.
- 189.
Adams (2009), p. 30.
- 190.
Posner (2004), p. 59.
- 191.
Pollan (2006), p. 320.
- 192.
Favre (2004), p. 236.
- 193.
Sharman (2013), p. 81.
- 194.
Dairy Australia 2010, “Calf management across the supply chain”.
- 195.
Humphreys (2013).
- 196.
Posner (2004), p. 66.
- 197.
Kristof (2014).
- 198.
Anderson (2006).
- 199.
Mendelson (2012), p. 137.
- 200.
Cooney (2011), p. 35.
- 201.
Animals Australia, What you never knew about dairy.
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Bellamy, D. (2017). Treatment of Unwanted Baby Animals. In: Steier, G., Patel, K. (eds) International Farm Animal, Wildlife and Food Safety Law. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18002-1_5
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