Abstract
This work follows the literature review and on-road trial findings presented at ICSAT 2013 (Thomas et al. Assessment of the viability of vegetable oil based fuels. In: Lecture notes in mobility—sustainable automotive technologies 2013, 2013). In addition, it addresses the availability of non-food oil-producing species and land, the sociological and environmental aspects associated with growing biofuels and the potential increased safety of using vegetable oil fuels and blends. The author claims that it is essentially impossible to provide the world’s current energy needs without fossil fuels unless humanity is prepared to control its population to a sustainable level. Production methods and costings are not addressed as intended and will be the subject of further study. Costs of growing, extracting, purifying and transporting vegetable oil fuel are lower than any alternatives given the simplicity of processes involved, the fact that almost anyone can perform them and the fact that the fuel can be grown and processed close to point of use by small, non-monopolistic enterprises. Readers wishing to consider costings are referred to reports by the EC Joint Research Commission and the International Energy Agency (IEA) (Production costs of alternative transportation fuels—influence of crude oil price and technology maturity; International Energy Agency; Jensen, Unmodified vegetable oil as an automotive fuel; the institute for prospective technological studies of the European commission directorate general joint research centre).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Thomas IF, Porter NA, Lappas P (2013) Assessment of the viability of vegetable oil based fuels. In: Lecture notes in mobility—sustainable automotive technologies 2013. Proceedings of the 5th international conference ICSAT 2013. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland
Production costs of alternative transportation fuels—influence of crude oil price and technology maturity; International Energy Agency
Jensen P (2005) Unmodified vegetable oil as an automotive fuel; the institute for prospective technological studies of the European commission directorate general joint research centre
Stuart HA (1864–1927). http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/stuart-herbert-akroyd-8705
F.T.C.P.W. Herbert Akroyd Stuart 1864–1927. Inventor of the hot bulb heavy oil engine. http://tractors.wikia.com/wiki/Herbert_Akroyd_Stuart
The emergence of the oil engine. http://www.enginemuseum.org/eoe.html. Accessed 09 Apr 2014
Elsbett-Motor. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsbett-Motor. Accessed 08 Feb 2014
Lance DL, Andersson JD (2004) Emissions performance of pure vegetable oil in two European light duty vehicles. SAE. 2004-01-1881
Kleinova A et al (2011) Vegetable oils and animal fats as alternative fuels for diesel engines with dual fuel operation. Fuel Process Technol 92:1980–1986
Thomson LAJ, Evans B (2013) Species profiles for pacific island agroforestry—Canarium indicum [cited 25 Jan 14]. http://agroforestry.net/tti/Canarium-canariumnut.pdf
Weed risk assessment; Milletia pinnata syn. Pongamia pinnata (Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Biosecurity Queensland) 2010
Aleurites montana (Lour.) Wils. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Aleurites_montana.html. Accessed 26 Jan 2014
Jamieson GS, McKinney RS (1935) Bagilumbang or Soft Lumbang (Aleurites trisperma) Oil
Mota-Urbina C (2014) GCIRO; Project Salicornia: halophyte cultivation in Sonora (USIJI Uniform Reporting Document) [cited 18 Jan 2014]. http://www.gcrio.org/usiji/pdf/Mexico-3%203-04.pdf
Hot energy crops for advanced biofuels: what’s happening? 2014 Biofuels digest
Global Seawater—Alimentos, Energia, Desarrollo inmobiliario, Calentamiento global, Secuestro de CO2, Evita la elevacion del nivel del mar
Schubert R et al (2011) German advisory council on global change, future bioenergy and sustainable land use (WBGU), vol 365. Earthscan, London
CIA World Factbook (2012) https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html
Land area of all countries of the world [cited Dec 2013]. http://world.bymap.org/LandArea.html
Introduction to the hydrosphere, Chapter 8, PhysicalGeography.net
Cunningham M (2014) Ten disadvantages of biofuels. How stuff works. Accessed 11 Feb 2014
Mueller-Steinhagen H et al (2011) Methodology for optimized operation strategies of solar thermal power plants with integrated heat storage. Solar Energy 85:653–659
Solar energy from the sahara desert could power the world—but will it? The DESERTEC Foundation project Dii
This is Brazil, Episode 1, SBS Television. http://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/. Accessed 02 May 2014
Magic Mushrooms, SBS Television. http://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/. Accessed 18 May 2014
Blair House Agreement (1992) Glossary of Statisitical Terms, OECD
The land matrix: new data on large-scale land deals: not a “bubble”. 2012. Landcoalition.org
Against the grain: land grabbing for biofuels must stop: EU biofuel policies are displacing communities and starving the planet. 2013 1–24
Newsletter No. 114, February 2014. Sustainable Population Australia Inc 2014 [cited Number 114; Feb 14]
US and World Population Clock [cited Dec 2013]. http://www.census.gov/popclock/
US Census Bureau website [cited 19 Jan 2014]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau
Growth is the “cancer of the planet” claims David Suzuki; Administrative Sciences Association of Canada Conference, 10–13 May 2014. http://www.muskokaregion.com/news-story/4518048-growth-is-the-cancer-of-the-planet-claims-david-suzuki/. Accessed 03 Jun 2014
Population 7 Billion (2011). http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/01/seven-billion/kunzig-text#. Accessed 18 Feb 2014
FAOSTAT new pilot version [cited 19 Jan 2014]. http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/home/E
Years to double population. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population
Thomas AC (2014) Flashpoint prediction using Activity Coefficients, Chemicalia Pty Ltd. Accessed 21 May 2014
Chowdhury N, Rowe I, Sayer G (2012) Fire statistics Great Britain, 2011–2012, 1–65
Fires in the U.S. (2012) http://www.nfpa.org/research/reports-and-statistics/fires-in-the-us. Accessed 30 Jan 2014
Multiple-death fires-deadliest fires or explosions in the world (2011) http://www.nfpa.org/research/reports-and-statistics/fires-in-the-us/multiple-death-fires/deadliest-fires-or-explosions-in-the-world. Accessed 30 Jan 2014
Fire Causes (2011) http://www.nfpa.org/research/reports-and-statistics/fire-causes. Accessed 30 Jan 2014
Vehicle Fires (2011) http://www.nfpa.org/research/reports-and-statistics/vehicle-fires. Accessed 30 Jan 2014
Marsh (2001) 100 Largest Losses 1972–2001. 100 Largest Losses
Marsh (2009) 100 Largest Losses, 1872–2009. 100 Largest Losses
Gugan K (1978) Unconfined vapour cloud explosions. UK ed. IChemE/Godwin (book)
Pemex LPG Terminal, Mexico City, Mexico Explosion, 19th November 1984. http://www.hse.gov.uk/comah/sragtech/casepemex84.htm
Explosion and fire at the Tesoro Refinery in Anacortes kills seven refinery workers on April 2, 2010. http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=9717. Accessed 03 Mar 2014
Explosion and fire at DSM, Beek. 7th November 1975. http://www.hse.gov.uk/comah/sragtech/casebeek75.htm
Lees FP, Chalmette P (1990) Louisiana explosion. In: Mannan S (ed) Lees’ loss prevention in the process industries, vol 1
Chalmette (1976) LA oil refinery tower explosion. http://www3.gendisasters.com/louisiana/13110/chalmette-la-oil-refinery-tower-explosion-july-1976
Disasters and Major Accidents (Explosions). http://www.ilo.org/oshenc/part-vi/disasters-natural-and-technological/item/363-disasters-and-major-accidents
List of accidents and disasters by death toll. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_disasters_by_death_toll
UN Secretariat Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (2012) ST/SG/AC.10/C.3/2012/99. Accessed 30 Apr 14
List of accidents and disasters by death toll. http://www.survivalring.org/awareness/what-do-you-want-to-survive/accidents-disasters/
Bond J (1996) Close confinement. In: The hazards of life and all that. Institute of Physics Publishing
Gugan K (1978) Combustion and physical fundamentals. In: Unconfined vapour cloud explosions. IChemE/Godwin
Lees FP (2005) Explosion, in Lees’ loss prevention in the process industries. In: Mannan S (ed) Elsevier, Butterworth Heineman, Oxford
Withers J (1988) Major industrial hazards: their appraisal and control. Gower Technical Press, Aldershot
Current World Population (2014) http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/. Accessed 31 Jan 2014
National Weed Strategy; Artichoke Thistle. http://www.weeds.org.au/cgi-bin/weedident.cgi?tpl=plant.tpl&state=&s=&ibra=all&card=H92. Accessed 19 Jan 2014
Galloway Wild Foods; Sea Radish; noxious weed in Australia [cited 20 Jan 2014; Schedule 4 weed in Australia]. http://www.gallowaywildfoods.com/?page_id=110
Weed risk assessment (2010) Horseradish tree—Moringa oleifera
Lincoln weed (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) Sand Rocket. http://archive.agric.wa.gov.au/PC_93097.html?s=1001. Accessed 28 Feb 2014
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Thomas, I.F., Porter, N.A., Lappas, P. (2015). Assessment of the Viability of Vegetable Oil Fuels: Species, Land, Social, Environmental, Population and Safety Considerations. In: Denbratt, I., Subic, A., Wellnitz, J. (eds) Sustainable Automotive Technologies 2014. Lecture Notes in Mobility. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17999-5_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17999-5_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-17998-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-17999-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)