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Resistance to Aromatase Inhibitors in Breast Cancer pp 101–114Cite as

Understanding the New Biology of Estrogen-Induced Apoptosis and Its Application in Patient Care

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Part of the book series: Resistance to Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapeutics ((RTACT,volume 8))

Abstract

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are effectively used as treatments for breast cancer, but acquired resistance still occurs. Laboratory studies and clinical trials have demonstrated that after long-term estrogen deprivation, either by exhaustive anti-hormone therapy or years after menopause, estrogen is paradoxically able to kill breast cancer cells. Estrogen-induced apoptosis can be used as a potent strategy to treat anti-hormone-resistant breast cancer as well as prevent occult breast cancer from developing. This work outlines the background leading to the current understanding of estrogen-induced apoptosis and the clinical opportunities it presents both now and in the future.

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Abbreviations

AI:

Aromatase inhibitor

ATLAS:

Adjuvant tamoxifen longer against shorter

CEE:

Conjugated equine estrogen

EBCTCG:

Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group

ER:

Estrogen receptor

HRT:

Hormone replacement therapy

LTED:

Long term estrogen deprived

PR:

Progesterone receptor

SERM:

Selective estrogen receptor modulator

SOLE:

Study of Letrozole Extension

WHI:

Women’s Health Initiative

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Department of Defense Breast Program (award number W81XWH-06-1-0590) Center of Excellence, the Susan G. Komen for the Cure Foundation (award number SAC100009), and the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Support Grant (core grant NIH P30 CA051008).

Conflict of interest

The authors disclose no potential conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA

    Elizabeth E. Sweeney

  2. MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1354, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    V. Craig Jordan

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  1. Elizabeth E. Sweeney
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Correspondence to V. Craig Jordan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Academic Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory & University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

    Alexey Larionov

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Sweeney, E.E., Jordan, V.C. (2015). Understanding the New Biology of Estrogen-Induced Apoptosis and Its Application in Patient Care. In: Larionov, A. (eds) Resistance to Aromatase Inhibitors in Breast Cancer. Resistance to Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapeutics, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17972-8_6

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