Inclusive Cartographic Design: Overcoming Ocular-Centric Cartographies

Abstract

Based on the idea that maps are products that are designed for human use, this chapter advocates for redefining the map user and map use audience. Specifically, we argue for the inclusion or at least the discussion of principles of Universal Design and Design for All in the map design and production process. The chapter identifies three key constructs within cartographic communication models: the map, the map user, and knowledge transformation. A brief discussion of the development and principles of both Universal Design (in the United States) and Design for All (in the European Union) is provided. The underlying principles of those movements are then applied to the key constructs of the generalized cartographic communication models. This chapter does not offer explicit design guidelines for achieving inclusiveness in cartography. Rather, it acknowledges that including, exploring, and achieving inclusive design will be challenging. But, as a communication discipline with over 2000 years of history, cartography is well poised to embrace this challenge.