Abstract
Hydraulic modeling is the classical approach to investigate and describe complex fluid motion. Many empirical formulas in the literature used for the hydraulic design of river training measures and structures have been developed using experimental data from the laboratory. Although computer capacities have increased to a high level which allows to run complex numerical simulations on standard workstation nowadays, non-standard design of structures may still raise the need to perform physical model investigations. These investigations deliver insight into details of flow patterns and the effect of varying boundary conditions. Data from hydraulic model tests may be used for calibration of numerical models as well. As the field of hydraulic modeling is very complex, this chapter intends to give a short overview on capacities and limits of hydraulic modeling in regard to river flows and hydraulic structures only. The reader shall get a first idea of modeling principles and basic considerations. More detailed information can be found in the references.
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Notes
- 1.
It must be noted that similar considerations yield the Reynolds number (viscosity), Weber number (surface tension) and Mach number (elasticity) if the gravity force is replaced by the other forces.
- 2.
Note: the Reynolds number is defined as: \({\text{R}} = \rho \times v \times D/\mu.\)
- 3.
For temperature-driven density differences an alternative formulation is given in Riester et al. (1980).
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Bung, D.B. (2015). Laboratory Models of Free-Surface Flows. In: Rowiński, P., Radecki-Pawlik, A. (eds) Rivers – Physical, Fluvial and Environmental Processes. GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17719-9_9
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