Skip to main content

Electrons

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Experimental Innovations in Surface Science
  • 2321 Accesses

Abstract

Many descriptions of the design and properties of electron guns are presented in the literature (Spangenberg in Vacuum tubes. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1948, Simpson and Kuyatt in J Res Nat Bur Stand. 67C:279, 1963, Pierce in Theory and design of electron beams. D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., New York, 1949, Rosebury in Handbook of electron tubes and vacuum techniques. American Institute of Physics, New York, 1993, Moore et al. in Building scientific apparatus. Addison-Wesley, Reading, 1983) and it is not the purpose of this treatment to summarize this practically important field.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. K.R. Spangenberg, Vacuum Tubes (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1948)

    Google Scholar 

  2. J.A. Simpson, C.E. Kuyatt, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. 67C, 279 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  3. J.R. Pierce, Theory and Design of Electron Beams (D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc, New York, 1949)

    Google Scholar 

  4. F. Rosebury, Handbook of Electron Tubes and Vacuum Techniques (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1993)

    Google Scholar 

  5. A particularly excellent account of practical aspects of electron optics is given in J.H. Moore, C.C. Davis, M.A. Coplan, Building Scientific Apparatus (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1983), chapter 5

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cliftronics, Inc., 15 South Street, Clifton Springs, NY 14432. Model 406-S; Another sup-plier of electron guns is Kimball Physics, Inc., 311 Kimball Hill Road, Wilton, NH 03086-9742

    Google Scholar 

  7. M.G. Lagally, J.A. Martin, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 54, 1273 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. This program, which is periodically updated, is available from Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, EG8cG Idaho, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415

    Google Scholar 

  9. R.Q. Hwang, E.D. Williams, R.L. Park, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60, 2945 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. R.N. Lee, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 39, 1306 (1968)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Proulx, P. Marmet, R. Dutil, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 53, 778 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. M.K. Debe, D.C. Johnson, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 47, 37 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. M. Aeschlimann, E. Hull, J. Cao, C.A. Schmuttenmaer, L.G. Jahn, Y. Gao, H.E. Elsayed-Ali, D.A. Mantell, M.R. Scheinfein, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 1000 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. J.-L. Liang, J.T. Yates Jr, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A12, 2795 (1994)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. This program, which is periodically updated, is available from Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, EG&G Idaho, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415

    Google Scholar 

  16. J.C. Lin, R. Gomer, Surf. Sci. 172, 183 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. T.R. Barefoot, H.D. Ebinger, J.T. Yates Jr, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A15, 2740 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. BaO disk cathode, ES-015 on AEI base, Kimball Physics, Inc., 311 Kimball Hill Road, Wilton, NH 03086-9642

    Google Scholar 

  19. A12O3 ceramic insulator—Finnigan # 40005-20070, Scientific Instrumentation Services, Inc., 1027 Old York Road, Ringoes, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  20. J.L. Erskine, Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences, vol. 29A (Academic Press, Inc., 1995), p. 209

    Google Scholar 

  21. P. Oelhafen, I.L. Freeouf, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A1, 96 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Aquadag may be obtained from Acheson Colloids, 1607 Washington Avenue, P.O. Drawer 611747, Port Huron, MI 48061-1747. In applications of this type, it may be painted onto the sample to yield the desired reference energy above the Fermi level

    Google Scholar 

  23. J. Krieg, P. Oelhafen, H.-J. Guntherodt, Solid State Comm. 42, 831 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. R.F. Willis, B. Feuerbacher, B. Fitton, Phys. Rev. B. 4, 2441 (1971)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. J.A. Martin, M.G. Lagally, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 18, 58 (1981)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. M.G. Lagally, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1968

    Google Scholar 

  27. M.G. Lagally, J.A. Martin, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 54, 1273 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. Photolithograph W grid is available from Buckbee Mears Corp., 245 East 6th Street, St. Paul, MN 55101-1959

    Google Scholar 

  29. Dr. R. David, Institut fur Grenzflächenforschung und Vakuum-physik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Postfach 1913, D-5170 Jülich, Germany (private communication)

    Google Scholar 

  30. O. Byl, J.T. Yates Jr, J. Phys. Chem. B. 110, 22966 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. M. Yamashita, M. Agu, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 23, 1499 (1984)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. A.G. Schrott, M.D. Chinn, C.G. Shaw, S.C. Fain Jr, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 21, 101 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. PIN-5DP, United Detector, 12525 Chadron Avenue, Hawthorne, CA 90250

    Google Scholar 

  34. C.G. Shaw, S.C. Fain Jr, M.D. Chinn, M.F. Toney, Surf. Sci. 97, 128 (1980)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. R.D. Diehl, M.F. Toney, S.C. Fain Jr, Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 177 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. R.J. Phaneuf, H.-C. Kan, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 65, 3871 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. W.R. Miller Jr, N.N. Axelrod, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 37, 1096 (1966)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. J.G. Chen, J.E. Crowell, J.T. Yates Jr, Rapid communications. Phys. Rev. B. 35, 5299 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. G.E. Salser, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 37, 674 (1966)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. M.B. Pongratz, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 1714 (1972)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. V. Dose, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 39, 1055 (1968)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. V. Dose, Th Fauster, R. Schneider, Appl. Phys. A. 40, 203 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. CaF2 and SrF2 windows are available from Harshaw Optical/Bicron, 6801 Cochran Road, Solon, OH 44139

    Google Scholar 

  44. The vacuum cement used is Araldit ATI, Ciba-Geigy GmbH, Oeflinger Str. D-79664 Wehr (Baden), Germany

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John T. Yates Jr. .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Yates, J.T. (2015). Electrons. In: Experimental Innovations in Surface Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17668-0_20

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics