Abstract
The functional organization of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) during the early phase of development has long been unclear, because conventional electrophysiological means have several technical limitations. First, early embryonic neurons are small and fragile, and the application of microelectrodes is often difficult. Second, the simultaneous recording of electrical activity from multiple sites is limited, and as a consequence, response patterns of neural networks cannot be assessed. Optical recording techniques with voltage-sensitive dyes have overcome these obstacles and provided a new approach to the analysis of the functional development/organization of the CNS. In this review, we provide detailed information concerning the recording of optical signals in the embryonic nervous system. After outlining methodological considerations, we present examples of recent progress in optical studies on the embryonic nervous system with special emphasis on two topics. The first is the study of how synapse networks form in specific neuronal circuits. The second is the study of non-specific correlated wave activity, which is considered to play a fundamental role in neural development. These studies clearly demonstrate the utility of fast voltage-sensitive dye imaging as a powerful tool for elucidating the functional organization of the vertebrate embryonic CNS.
Keywords
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- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- DMNV:
-
Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve
- E:
-
Embryonic day which shows days of incubation in chicks and days of pregnancy in rats and mice
- EPSP:
-
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
- GABA:
-
γ-Aminobutyric acid
- NMDA:
-
N-methyl-d-aspartate
- NTS:
-
Nucleus of the tractus solitarius
- S/N:
-
Signal-to-noise ratio
- TTX:
-
Tetrodotoxin
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Acknowledgements
The present study was supported by grants from the Ministry of Education-Science-Culture of Japan and the Institute of Human Environmental Studies of Kanto Gakuin University.
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Momose-Sato, Y., Sato, K., Kamino, K. (2015). Monitoring Population Membrane Potential Signals During Development of the Vertebrate Nervous System. In: Canepari, M., Zecevic, D., Bernus, O. (eds) Membrane Potential Imaging in the Nervous System and Heart. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 859. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17641-3_9
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