Abstract
Neural computations underlying sensory perception, cognition and motor control are performed by populations of neurons at different anatomical and temporal scales. Few techniques are currently available for exploring dynamics of local and large range populations. Voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) reveals neural population activity in areas ranging from a few tens of microns to a couple of centimeters, or two areas up to ~10 cm apart. VSDI provides a sub-millisecond temporal resolution, and a spatial resolution of about 50 μm. The dye signal emphasizes subthreshold synaptic potentials. VSDI has been applied in the mouse, rat, gerbil, ferret, tree shrew, cat and monkey cortices, in order to explore lateral spread of retinotopic or somatotopic activation, the dynamic spatiotemporal pattern resulting from sensory activation, including the somatosensory, olfactory, auditory, and visual modalities, as well as motor preparation and the properties of spontaneously-occurring population activity. In this chapter we focus on VSDI in-vivo and review results obtained mostly in the visual system in our laboratory.
Keywords
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Arieli A, Grinvald A (2002) Combined optical imaging and targeted electrophysiological manipulations in anesthetized and behaving animals. J Neurosci Methods 116:15–28
Arieli A, Shoham D, Hildesheim R, Grinvald A (1995) Coherent spatio-temporal pattern of on-going activity revealed by real time optical imaging coupled with single unit recording in the cat visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 73:2072–2093
Arieli A, Sterkin A, Grinvald A, Aertsen A (1996) Dynamics of ongoing activity: explanation of the large variability in evoked cortical responses. Science 273:1868–1871
Arieli A, Grinvald A, Slovin H (2002) Dural substitute for longterm imaging of cortical activity in behaving monkeys and its clinical implications. J Neurosci Methods 114:119–133
Berger T, Borgdorff AJ et al (2007) Combined voltage and calcium epifluorescence imaging in vitro and in vivo reveals subthreshold and suprathreshold dynamics of mouse barrel cortex. J Neurophysiol 97:3751–3762
Bringuier V, Chavane F, Glaeser L, Frégnac Y (1998) Horizontal propagation of visual activity in the synaptic integration field of area 17 neurons. Science 283:695–699
Cacciatore TW, Brodfuehrer PD et al (1999) Identification of neural circuits by imaging coherent electrical activity with FRET-based dyes. Neuron 23:449–459
Chavane F, Sharon D, Jancke D, Marre O, Frégnac Y, Grinvald A (2011) Lateral spread of orientation selectivity in V1 is controlled by intracortical cooperativity. Front Syst Neurosci. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2011.00004
Cohen LB, Lesher S (1986) Optical monitoring of membrane potential: methods of multisite optical measurement. Soc Gen Physiol Ser 40:71–99
Ferezou I, Bolea S, Petersen CCH (2006) Visualizing the cortical representation of whisker touch: voltage-sensitive dye imaging in freely moving mice. Neuron 50:617–629
Ferezou I, Haiss F et al (2007) Spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical sensorimotor integration in behaving mice. Neuron 56:907–923
Grinvald A, Hildesheim R (2004) VSDI: a new era in functional imaging of cortical dynamics. Nat Rev Neurosci 5:874–885
Grinvald A, Anglister L, Freeman JA, Hildesheim R, Manker A (1984) Real-time optical imaging of naturally evoked electrical activity in intact frog brain. Nature 308:848–850
Grinvald A, Frostig RD, Lieke E, Hildesheim R (1988) Optical imaging of neuronal activity. Physiol Rev 68:1285–1366
Grinvald A, Frostig RD et al (1989) Optical imaging of activity in the visual cortex. In: Lam D, Gilbert CD (eds) Neurall mechanism of visual perception. Portfolio Publishing Company, Austin, TX
Grinvald A, Lieke EE, Frostig RD, Hildesheim R (1994) Cortical point-spread function and long-range lateral interactions revealed by real-time optical imaging of macaque monkey primary visual cortex. J Neurosci 14:2545–2568
Grinvald A, Shoham D et al (1999) In-vivo optical imaging of cortical architecture and dynamics. In: Johansson H, Windhorst U (eds) Modern techniques in neuroscience research. Springer, New York, NY
Hebb DO (1949) The organization of behavior. Wiley, New York, NY
Hubel DH, Wiesel TN (1962) Receptive fields, binocular interactions and functional architecture in the cat’s visual cortex. J Physiol 160:106–154
Jancke D, Chavane F, Grinvald A (2004) Imaging cortical correlates of a visual illusion. Nature 428:424–427
Kenet T, Bibitchkov D, Tsodyks M, Grinvald A, Arieli A (2003) Spontaneously occurring cortical representations of visual attributes. Nature 425:954–956
Kuhn B, Fromherz P (2003) Anellated hemicyanine dyes in neuron membrane: molecular stark effect and optical voltage recording. J Phys Chem B 107:7903–7913
Kuhn B, Fromherz P, Denk W (2004) High sensitivity of Stark-shift voltage-sensing dyes by one- or two-photon excitation near the red spectral edge. Biophys J 87:631–639
Loew LM (1987) Optical measurement of electrical activity. CRC press, Boca Raton (FL)
Millard AC, Jin L, Lewis A, Loew LM (2003) Direct measurement of the voltage sensitivity of second-harmonic generation from a membrane dye in patch-clamped cells. Opt Lett 28:1221–1223
Miyawaki A, Llopis J et al (1997) Fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ based on green fluorescent proteins and calmodulin. Nature 388:834–835
Mountcastle VB (1957) Modality and topographic properties of single neurons of cat’s somatic sensory cortex. J Neurophysiol 20:408–434
Nemet BA, Nikolenko V, Yuste R (2004) Second harmonic imaging of membrane potential of neurons with retinal. J Biomed Opt 9:873–881
Omer DB, Grinvald A (2004) The dynamics of evoked and ongoing activity in the behaving monkey. Rev Neurosci 19:S50
Omer DB, Rom L (2008) The dynamics of ongoing activity in awake and anesthetized monkey are significantly different. Annual meeting of the Society of neuroscience abstract, Washington, DC
Orbach HS, Cohen LB (1983) Simultaneous optical monitoring of activity from many areas of the salamander olfactory bulb. A new method for studying functional organization in the vertebrate CNS. J Neurosci 3:2251–2262
Orbach HS, Cohen LB, Grinvald A (1985) Optical mapping of electrical activity in rat somatosensory and visual cortex. J Neurosci 5:1886–1895
Petersen CCH, Grinvald A, Sakmann B (2003a) Spatiotemporal dynamics of sensory responses in layer 2/3 of rat barrel cortex measured in vivo by voltage-sensitive dye imaging combined with whole-cell voltage recordings and neuron reconstructions. J Neurosci 23:1298–1309
Petersen CCH, Hahn TTG, Mehta M, Grinvald A, Sakmann B (2003b) Interaction of sensory responses with spontaneous depolarization in layer 2/3 barrel cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:13638–13643
Ratzlaff EH, Grinvald A (1991) A tandem-lens epifluorescence macroscope: hundred-fold brightness advantage for wide-field imaging. J Neurosci Methods 36:127–137
Rector DM, Rogers RF, George JS (1999) A focusing image probe for assessing neural activity in vivo. J Neurosci Methods 91:135–145
Ringach DL (2003) Neuroscience: states of mind. Nature 425(6961):912–913
Ross WN, Reichardt LF (1979) Species-specific effects on the optical signals of voltage sensitive dyes. J Membr Biol 48:343–356
Salzberg BM, Davila HV, Cohen LB (1973) Optical recording of impulses in individual neurons of an invertebrate central nervous system. Nature 246:508–509
Sharon D, Grinvald A (2002) Dynamics and constancy in cortical spatiotemporal patterns of orientation processing. Science 295:512–515
Sharon D, Jancke D, Chavane F, Na’aman S, Grinvald A (2007) Cortical response field dynamics in cat visual cortex. Cereb Cortex 17:2866–2877
Shoham D, Glaser DE et al (1999) Imaging cortical dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution with novel blue voltage-sensitive dyes. Neuron 24:791–802
Siegel MS, Isacoff EY (1997) A genetically encoded optical probe of membrane voltage. Neuron 19:735–741
Spors H, Grinvald A (2002) Temporal dynamics of odor representations and coding by the mammalian olfactory bulb. Neuron 34:1–20
Sterkin A, Lampl I, Ferster D, Grinvald A, Arieli A (1998) Real time optical imaging in cat visual cortex exhibits high similarity to intracellular activity. Neurosci Lett 51:S41
Tasaki I, Watanabe A, Sandlin R, Carnay L (1968) Changes in fluorescence, turbidity, and birefringence associated with nerve excitation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 61:883–888
Tsodyks M, Kenet T, Grinvald A, Arieli A (1999) The spontaneous activity of single cortical neurons depends on the underlying global functional architecture. Science 286:1943–1946
Waggoner AS (1979) Dye indicators of membrane potential. Annu Rev Biophys Bioeng 8:47–63
Waggoner AS, Grinvald A (1977) Mechanisms of rapid optical changes of potential sensitive dyes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 303:217–241
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Grinvald, A., Omer, D., Naaman, S., Sharon, D. (2015). Imaging the Dynamics of Mammalian Neocortical Population Activity In-Vivo. In: Canepari, M., Zecevic, D., Bernus, O. (eds) Membrane Potential Imaging in the Nervous System and Heart. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 859. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17641-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17641-3_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-17640-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-17641-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)