Abstract
Cosmology is the study of the evolution of our universe, from the Big Bang to the formation of galaxies.
Do not look at stars as bright spots only. Try to take in the vastness of the universe.
—Maria Mitchell
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Note that at the time of writing this thesis, there was still no consensus on whether the BICEP2 team had actually detected gravitational waves. By now it is clear that their data cannot give us conclusive evidence as their signal was dominated by galactic dust [18].
References
V. Mukhanov, Physical Foundations of Cosmology (Cambridge University Press, 2005)
A. Sakharov, Violation of CP invariance, c asymmetry, and Baryon asymmetry of the universe. Pisma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 5, 32–35 (1967)
V. Rubin, N. Thonnard, W.K.J. Ford, Rotational properties of 21 SC galaxies with a large range of luminosities and radii, from NGC 4605 /R = 4kpc/ to UGC 2885 /R = 122 kpc/. Astrophys. J. 238, 471 (1980)
Supernova Search Team Collaboration, A. G. Riess et al., Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant. Astron. J. 116, 1009–1038 (1998). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9805201
Supernova Cosmology Project Collaboration, S. Perlmutter et al., Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 high redshift supernovae. Astrophys. J. 517, 565–586 (1999). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9812133
A.A. Starobinsky, Spectrum of relict gravitational radiation and the early state of the universe. JETP Lett. 30, 682–685 (1979)
K. Sato, First order phase transition of a vacuum and expansion of the universe. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 195, 467–479 (1981)
D. Kazanas, Dynamics of the universe and spontaneous symmetry breaking. Astrophys. J. 241, L59–L63 (1980)
A.H. Guth, The inflationary universe: a possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems. Phys. Rev. D 23, 347–356 (1981)
A.A. Penzias, R.W. Wilson, A measurement of excess antenna temperature at 4080-Mc/s. Astrophys. J. 142, 419–421 (1965)
P. Peebles, R. Dicke, Origin of the globular star clusters. Astrophys. J. 154, 891 (1968)
J.C. Mather, E. Cheng, D. Cottingham, R. Eplee, D. Fixsen et al., Measurement of the cosmic microwave background spectrum by the COBE FIRAS instrument. Astrophys. J. 420, 439–444 (1994)
Boomerang Collaboration Collaboration, P. de Bernardis et al., A flat universe from high resolution maps of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Nature 404, 955–959 (2000). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0004404
WMAP Collaboration Collaboration, D. Spergel et al., First year Wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe (WMAP) observations: determination of cosmological parameters. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 148, 175–194 (2003). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0302209
Planck Collaboration, P. Ade et al., Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results. http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1303.5062
Planck Collaboration Collaboration, P. Ade et al., Planck 2013 results. XXII. Constraints on inflation. http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1303.5082
BICEP2 Collaboration Collaboration, P.A.R. Ade et al., BICEP2 I: Detection Of B-mode polarization at degree angular scales. http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1403.3985
J. Cowen, Gravitational waves discovery now officially dead. Nature (2015)
R.M. Wald, General Relativity (The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1984)
A.R. Liddle, D.H. Lyth, Cosmological inflation and large-scale structure
S. Carroll, Spacetime and Geometry: An Introduction to General Relativity (BenjaminCummings, New York, 2003)
R. Hulse, J. Taylor, Discovery of a pulsar in a binary system. Astrophys. J. 195, L51–L53 (1975)
LIGO Scientific Collaboration Collaboration, G. M. Harry, Advanced LIGO: The next generation of gravitational wave detectors. Class. Quant. Grav. 27, 084006 (2010)
P. Amaro-Seoane, S. Aoudia, S. Babak, P. Binetruy, E. Berti, et al., eLISA/NGO: Astrophysics and cosmology in the gravitational-wave millihertz regime. GW Notes 6, 4–110 (2013). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1201.3621
S. Dodelson, Modern Cosmology (Academic Press, Elsevier, 2003)
J.A. Peacock, Cosmological Physics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001)
E. Noether, Invariant Variation Problems. Gott. Nachr. 235–257 (1918). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/physics/0503066
V. Mukhanov, S. Winitzki, Physical Foundations of Cosmology (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007)
D. Baumann, TASI lectures on inflation. http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/0907.5424
A.D. Linde, A new inflationary universe scenario: a possible solution of the horizon, flatness, homogeneity, isotropy and primordial monopole problems. Phys. Lett. B 108, 389–393 (1982)
A. Albrecht, P.J. Steinhardt, Cosmology for grand unified theories with radiatively induced symmetry breaking. Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 1220–1223 (1982)
S. Hawking, I. Moss, Supercooled phase transitions in the very early universe. Phys. Lett. B 110, 35 (1982)
A.R. Liddle, D.H. Lyth, COBE, gravitational waves, inflation and extended inflation. Phys. Lett. B 291, 391–398 (1992). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9208007
W. de Sitter, Einstein’s theory of gravitation and its astronomical consequences, third paper. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 78, 3–28 (1917)
L. Alabidi, D.H. Lyth, Inflation models and observation. JCAP 0605, 016 (2006). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0510441
A.D. Linde, Hybrid inflation. Phys. Rev. D 49, 748–754 (1994). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9307002
D.H. Lyth, A. Riotto, Particle physics models of inflation and the cosmological density perturbation. Phys. Rept. 314, 1–146 (1999). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/hep-ph/9807278
P. Dirac, Principles of Quantum Mechanics (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1982)
A.I.M. Rae, Quantum Mechanics (CRC Press, New York, 2007)
T. Bunch, P. Davies, Quantum field theory in de sitter space: renormalization by point splitting. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A360, 117–134 (1978)
T.K. Misner, C.J. Wheeler, Gravitation
M. Schlosshauer, Decoherence and the Quantum-to-Classical Transition (Springer, Berlin, 2008)
D. Wands, K.A. Malik, D.H. Lyth, A.R. Liddle, A New approach to the evolution of cosmological perturbations on large scales. Phys. Rev. D 62, 043527 (2000). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0003278
J. Bond, G. Efstathiou, Cosmic background radiation anisotropies in universes dominated by nonbaryonic dark matter. Astrophys. J. 285, L45–L48 (1984)
W. Hu, M.J. White, A CMB polarization primer. New Astron. 2, 323 (1997). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9706147
M. Kamionkowski, A. Kosowsky, A. Stebbins, A Probe of primordial gravity waves and vorticity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2058–2061 (1997). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9609132
U. Seljak, M. Zaldarriaga, Signature of gravity waves in polarization of the microwave background. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2054–2057 (1997). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9609169
J.D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics
S. Chandrasekhar, Radiative Transfer (Dover Publications Inc., New York, 1960)
M. Zaldarriaga, Polarization of the microwave background in reionized models. Phys. Rev. D 55, 1822–1829 (1997). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9608050
R. Courant, D. Hilbert, Methods of Mathematical Physics, Vol. I. (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1962)
M. Kamionkowski, A. Kosowsky, A. Stebbins, Statistics of cosmic microwave background polarization. Phys. Rev. D 55, 7368–7388 (1997). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9611125
M. Zaldarriaga, U. Seljak, An all sky analysis of polarization in the microwave background. Phys. Rev. D 55, 1830–1840 (1997). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9609170
W. Hu, M.J. White, CMB anisotropies: Total angular momentum method. Phys. Rev. D 56, 596–615 (1997). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9702170
C.R. Contaldi, J. Magueijo, L. Smolin, Anomalous CMB polarization and gravitational chirality. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 141101 (2008). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/0806.3082
J. Kovac, E. Leitch, C. Pryke, J. Carlstrom, N. Halverson, et al., Detection of polarization in the cosmic microwave background using DASI. Nature 420, 772–787 (2002). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0209478
J. Errard, The new generation CMB B-mode polarization experiment: POLARBEAR. http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1011.0763
B. Crill, P. Ade, E. Battistelli, S. Benton, R. Bihary, et al., SPIDER: A Balloon-borne Large-scale CMB Polarimeter. http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/0807.1548
M. Zaldarriaga, U. Seljak, Gravitational lensing effect on cosmic microwave background polarization. Phys. Rev. D 58, 023003 (1998). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9803150
SPTpol Collaboration Collaboration, D. Hanson et al., Detection of B-mode Polarization in the cosmic microwave background with data from the south pole telescope. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 141301 (2013). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1307.5830
L. Kofman, A.D. Linde, A.A. Starobinsky, Reheating after inflation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3195–3198 (1994). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/hep-th/9405187
A. Dolgov, A.D. Linde, Baryon asymmetry in inflationary universe. Phys. Lett. B 116, 329 (1982)
L. Abbott, E. Farhi, M.B. Wise, Particle production in the new inflationary cosmology. Phys. Lett. B 117, 29 (1982)
L. Kofman, A.D. Linde, A.A. Starobinsky, Towards the theory of reheating after inflation. Phys. Rev. D 56, 3258–3295 (1997). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/hep-ph/9704452
P.B. Greene, L. Kofman, A.D. Linde, A.A. Starobinsky, Structure of resonance in preheating after inflation. Phys. Rev. D 56, 6175–6192 (1997). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/hep-ph/9705347
M.E. Peskin, D.V. Schroeder, An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory (Westview Press Inc., 1995)
D.G. Figueroa, Phenomenological and theoretical aspects of reheating. PhD thesis
A.D. Linde, Particle Physics and Inflationary Cosmology (Harwood, Chur, 1990)
N.W. Mac Lachlan, Theory and Applications of Mathieu Functions
L. Landau, L. Lifshits, Mechanicss
M.S. Turner, Coherent scalar field oscillations in an expanding universe. Phys. Rev. D 28, 1243 (1983)
A. e. Erdelyi, Higher Transcendental Functions (Bateman Manuscript Project), Vol. 3. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1955)
D.I. Kaiser, Resonance structure for preheating with massless fields. Phys. Rev. D 57, 702–711 (1998). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/hep-ph/9707516
B. Sathyaprakash, B. Schutz, Physics, astrophysics and cosmology with gravitational waves. Living Rev. Rel. 12, 2 (2009). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/0903.0338
V.F. Mukhanov, H. Feldman, R.H. Brandenberger, Theory of cosmological perturbations. Part 1. Classical perturbations. Part 2. Quantum theory of perturbations. Part 3. Extensions. Phys. Rept. 215, 203–333 (1992)
S. Weinberg, Cosmology (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008)
M. Kamionkowski, A. Kosowsky, M.S. Turner, Gravitational radiation from first order phase transitions. Phys. Rev. D 49, 2837–2851 (1994). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9310044
S.J. Huber, T. Konstandin, Gravitational wave production by collisions: more bubbles. JCAP 0809, 022 (2008). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/0806.1828
C. Caprini, R. Durrer, G. Servant, The stochastic gravitational wave background from turbulence and magnetic fields generated by a first-order phase transition. JCAP 0912, 024 (2009). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/0909.0622
C. Caprini, R. Durrer, T. Konstandin, G. Servant, General properties of the gravitational wave spectrum from phase transitions. Phys. Rev. D 79, 083519 (2009). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/0901.1661
M. Hindmarsh, S.J. Huber, K. Rummukainen, D.J. Weir, Gravitational waves from the sound of a first order phase transition. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 041301 (2014). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1304.2433
J.-F. Dufaux, D.G. Figueroa, J. Garcia-Bellido, Gravitational waves from Abelian Gauge fields and cosmic strings at preheating. Phys. Rev. D 82, 083518 (2010). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1006.0217
E. Fenu, D.G. Figueroa, R. Durrer, J. Garcia-Bellido, Gravitational waves from self-ordering scalar fields. JCAP 0910, 005 (2009). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/0908.0425
D.G. Figueroa, M. Hindmarsh, J. Urrestilla, Exact scale-invariant background of gravitational waves from cosmic defects. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(10), 101302 (2013). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1212.5458
A. Vilenkin, Gravitational radiation from cosmic strings. Phys. Lett. B 107, 47–50 (1981)
T. Vachaspati, A. Vilenkin, Gravitational radiation from cosmic strings. Phys. Rev. D 31, 3052 (1985)
S. Olmez, V. Mandic, X. Siemens, Gravitational-wave stochastic background from kinks and cusps on cosmic strings. Phys. Rev. D 81, 104028 (2010). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1004.0890
S. Khlebnikov, I. Tkachev, Relic gravitational waves produced after preheating. Phys. Rev. D 56, 653–660 (1997). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/hep-ph/9701423
R. Easther, E.A. Lim, Stochastic gravitational wave production after inflation. JCAP 0604, 010 (2006). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0601617
J. Garcia-Bellido, D.G. Figueroa, A. Sastre, A gravitational wave background from reheating after hybrid inflation. Phys. Rev. D 77, 043517 (2008). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/0707.0839
J.F. Dufaux, A. Bergman, G.N. Felder, L. Kofman, J.-P. Uzan, Theory and numerics of gravitational waves from preheating after inflation. Phys. Rev. D 76, 123517 (2007). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/0707.0875
D. Holz, Gravitational wave cosmology. Lectures given at “Essential Cosmology for the Next Generation/Cosmology on the Beach” Conference, Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, 13–17 Jan 2014
LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration Collaboration, J. Abadie et al., Search for Gravitational Waves from Compact Binary Coalescence in LIGO and Virgo Data from S5 and VSR1. Phys. Rev. D 82, 102001 (2010). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1005.4655
M. Maggiore, Gravitational wave experiments and early universe cosmology. Phys. Rept. 331, 283–367 (2000). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/gr-qc/9909001
J. Crowder, N.J. Cornish, Beyond LISA: exploring future gravitational wave missions. Phys. Rev. D 72, 083005 (2005). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/gr-qc/0506015
C. Grojean, G. Servant, Gravitational waves from phase transitions at the electroweak scale and beyond. Phys. Rev. D 75, 043507 (2007). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/hep-ph/0607107
A. Cruise, R. Ingley, A prototype gravitational wave detector for 100-MHz. Class. Quant. Grav. 23, 6185–6193 (2006)
A. Cruise, The potential for very high-frequency gravitational wave detection. Class. Quant. Grav. 29, 095003 (2012)
T. Akutsu, S. Kawamura, A. Nishizawa, K. Arai, K. Yamamoto, et al., Search for a stochastic background of 100-MHz gravitational waves with laser interferometers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 101101 (2008). http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/0803.4094
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bethke, L.B. (2015). Introduction. In: Exploring the Early Universe with Gravitational Waves. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17449-5_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17449-5_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-17448-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-17449-5
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)