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Radiological Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

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Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

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Abstract

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) pose peculiar problems for imaging techniques in relation to their functional state. In functioning NETs – in which the diagnosis is mainly based on clinical and laboratory findings – the primary imaging “goal” is the localization of the hormonal hypersecretion source/sources; in nonfunctioning NETs – which appear as symptomatic masses or as incidental findings – the priority questions are represented both by the identification and correct histological typing. For all NETs – regardless of their functional state – an accurate staging is also required, as they are often malignant. The basic imaging modality is MDCT for both diagnosis and staging; although MRI is generally superior to CT for liver metastasis detection, the choice between the two methods depends on the local availability and expertise.

Imaging techniques have an important role also in the follow-up for both diagnosis of recurrent disease and therapy monitoring. In this respect the RECIST criteria, which were designed for general oncology, are less suited; new criteria, which take the special characteristics of NETs into account, are currently under development.

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Acknowledgment

The authors wish to thank Miss Luisa Rinaldi (Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences; University of Insubria, Varese) for her assistance in the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Varese, Italy

    Carlo Fugazzola, Maria Gloria Angeretti, Natalie Lucchina, Ejona Duka & Valeria Molinelli

  2. Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Varese, Italy

    Fausto Sessa

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  1. Carlo Fugazzola
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  2. Maria Gloria Angeretti
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  3. Natalie Lucchina
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  4. Ejona Duka
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Correspondence to Carlo Fugazzola .

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  1. Department of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy

    Stefano La Rosa

  2. Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

    Fausto Sessa

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Fugazzola, C., Angeretti, M.G., Lucchina, N., Duka, E., Molinelli, V., Sessa, F. (2015). Radiological Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. In: La Rosa, S., Sessa, F. (eds) Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17235-4_2

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