Skip to main content

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Economics ((BRIEFSECONOMICS))

  • 376 Accesses

Abstract

Section 936 attracted many manufacturing companies in Puerto Rico; in particular, pharmaceutical that prompted the use of high technology. However, its contribution to economic growth and job creation has been questioned. This chapter seeks to identify and compare the relationship between inflows of foreign direct investment (IFDI), exports (EX), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment rate (UR) and labor participation rate (LPR) of Puerto Rico. For comparison purposes, two jurisdictions were considered: Singapore and Ireland, both of which directly reflected high levels of economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI).

The chapter is mainly derived from a dissertation conducted by Dr. Basem Hassan-Lombardi (2012), and other works realized by Hassan-Lombardi et al. (2012) and Basem Hassan-Lombardi and Juma’h (2014).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Federal law and US policies governing international relations, migration, customs and national security, regulate communications, labor market, monetary and banking system in Puerto Rico; and links the economy of the Island and the United States under Federal Relations Act of Puerto Rico, also known as the Jones Act (ECLA/CEPAL, 2004).

References

  • Akaike H (1974) A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Trans Autom Contr 19(6):716–723

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aktar I, Ozturk L (2009) Can unemployment be cured by economic growth and foreign direct investment in Turkey? Int Res J Fin Econ 27:203–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Aponte E (1999) Hacia una política y desarrollo de una infraestructura de información y conocimiento para la implantación de la estrategia económica de Puerto Rico. In: Martínez FE (ed) Futuro Económico de Puerto Rico: Antología de ensayos del Proyecto Universitario Sobre el Futuro Económico de Puerto Rico. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan

    Google Scholar 

  • Basem Hassan-Lombardi M, Juma’h AH, Cue F, Ruiz Á, Llorens A (2012) La inversión extranjera directa, las exportaciones, el producto interno bruto y el mercado laboral en Puerto Rico. Ecos Econ 16(35):5–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Basem-Hassan-Lombardi M, Juma’h AH (2014) Comparación macroeconómica entre Puerto Rico, Singapur e Irlanda utilizando un modelo de vectores autoregresivos. Rev Fin Pol Econ 6(1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang SC (2007) The interactions among foreign direct investment, economic growth, degree of openness and unemployment in Taiwan. Appl Econ 39(13):1647–1661

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins SM, Bosworth BP, Soto-Class MA (2006) The economy of Puerto Rico: restoring growth. The Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietz JL (2003) Puerto Rico: negotiating development and change. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., Boulder, CO

    Google Scholar 

  • Guajarati DN, Porter DC (2009) Basic econometrics, 5th edn. McGraw Hill, Singapur

    Google Scholar 

  • International Monetary Fund (2011) World economic outlook database

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansen S, Juselius K (1990) Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration – with applications to the demand for money. Oxford Bull Econ Stat 52(2):169–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martínez JM, Máttar J, Rivera P (2004) Globalización y desarrollo: Desafíos de Puerto Rico frente al siglo XXI. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), México, DF

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfaff B (2008) Analysis of integrated and cointegrated time series with R. Springer, Washington, DC

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pindyck RS, Rubinfeld DI (1991) Econometric models & economic forecast. Mc Graw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez CA (2002) Análisis dinámico de la economía de Puerto Rico con un modelo de vectores autorregresivos y cointegración. Series de Ensayos y Monografías. Unidad de Investigaciones Económicas, Universidad de Puerto Rico (110), pp 1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez CA (2004) Conceptos básicos y aspectos matemáticos sobre el análisis de raíces unitarias y cointegración. Ceteris Paribus 4(9):1–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Sims CA (1980) Macroeconomics and reality. Econometrica 48(1):1–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations (2011) UNCTAD STAT

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations (2012) UNCTAD STAT

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Labor (2011) Bureau of labor statistics, local area unemployment statistics (LAUS)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Juma’h, A.H., Morales-Rodriguez, D., Lloréns-Rivera, A. (2015). Labor Market of Puerto Rico and FDI, Exports and GDP. In: Labor Markets and Multinational Enterprises in Puerto Rico. SpringerBriefs in Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17178-4_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics