Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Policy Context

  • Chapter
Green Transportation Logistics

Part of the book series: International Series in Operations Research & Management Science ((ISOR,volume 226))

  • 5811 Accesses

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to present the policy framework of the ‘green’ freight logistics, thus, setting the scene for the individual subjects of the following chapters. Its coverage is distinctly (albeit not exclusively) European, as it is mostly based on work undertaken under the SuperGreen project. The term ‘green’ is used in the sustainability context, meaning that it features economic and social dimensions in addition to the usual environmental one. The most important EU transport policy documents are reviewed and briefly presented by transportation mode. Horizontal documents covering all modes are reviewed first. The material spans a 15-year period, from the Sustainable Development Strategy of May 2001 to the Directive 2014/94/EU of October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The indicator adopted for monitoring SDS implementation in terms of sustainable transport is: Energy consumption of transport relative to GDP.

  2. 2.

    The last Marco Polo II call of the 2007–2013 financial period was launched in March 2013.

  3. 3.

    The 7th Framework Programme was the EU’s research and innovation funding programme for the period 2007–2013. The current programme is Horizon 2020, but there are many projects funded under the 7th Framework Programme that are still running.

  4. 4.

    This strategy led to Regulation (EU) No 510/2011, which sets emission performance standards for new light commercial vehicles.

  5. 5.

    The proposal was adopted in 2011 as Directive 2011/76/EU amending Directive 1999/62/EC on the charging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures.

  6. 6.

    Directive 2012/34/EU establishing a single European railway area (recast of the first railway package) was adopted on 21 November 2012. A provision for non-mandatory noise-differentiated track access charges is included as Art. 31(5). In addition, the Commission shall adopt implementing measures by 2015 setting out the charging modalities for the cost of noise effects enabling the differentiation of infrastructure charges to take into account, among others, the sensitivity of the area affected.

  7. 7.

    MoS represent the maritime dimension of the TEN-T and consist of maritime links between maritime ports of the comprehensive network including the related facilities and infrastructure for direct land and sea access (Article 21).

  8. 8.

    Commission Decision of 22.7.2009 amending Decision 2006/679/EC as regards the implementation of the technical specification for interoperability relating to the control-command and signalling subsystem of the trans-European conventional rail system, C(2009) 5607, Brussels, 22.7.2009.

  9. 9.

    The previous IMO limits were applied by Directive 2005/33/EC which, in addition, imposed a 1.5 % sulphur limit for fuels used by passenger vessels on regular services between EU ports from 11 August 2006, and a 0.1 % sulphur limit on fuel used by inland waterway vessels and by seagoing ships at berth in EU ports, from 1 January 2010.

  10. 10.

    The other market barriers relate to: (a) the split incentives between ship owners who invest into efficiency improvements and ship operators who reap the benefits of such investments through lower fuel bills, and (b) the lack of access to finance for these investments.

Abbreviations

ATM:

Air Traffic Management

CARE:

Community Road Accident Database

CNG:

Compressed natural gas

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

DG-MOVE:

Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport, European Commission

DWT:

Deadweight (of a ship)

EC:

European Commission

ECA:

Emission control area

ECSA:

European Community Shipowners’ Association

EEDI:

Energy efficiency design index

EEOI:

Energy efficiency operational indicator

EP&C:

European Parliament & Council

ERA:

European Railway Agency

ERTMS:

European Rail Traffic Management System

ETCR:

Regulation in Energy, Transport and Communications (OECD)

ETS:

Emissions Trading System

EU:

European Union

FTLAP:

Freight Transport Logistics Action Plan

FUTRE:

Future prospects on transport evolution and innovation challenges for the competitiveness of Europe (7th Framework Programme)

GDP:

Gross domestic product

GHG:

Greenhouse gas

GRT:

Gross registered tonnage

HC:

Non-methane hydrocarbon

HDV:

Heavy duty vehicle

ICS:

International Chamber of Shipping

ICT:

Information and Communication Technology

IMO:

International Maritime Organization

ITS:

Intelligent Transport Systems

IWT:

Inland Waterway Transport

LNG:

Liquefied natural gas

LPG:

Liquefied petroleum gas

LPI:

Logistics performance index, the World Bank

LRIT:

Long range identification and tracking

MARPOL:

International convention for the prevention of pollution from ships

MBM:

Market based measure

MEPC:

Marine Environment Protection Committee, IMO

MoS:

Motorway of the sea

MRV:

Monitoring, reporting and verification of CO2 emissions

NOx:

Nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2)

OECD:

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

PM:

Particulate matter

PSC:

Public service contract

RFC:

Rail freight corridor

RIS:

River Information Services

RMMS:

Rail Market Monitoring Scheme

Ro-Ro:

Roll on—roll off (for ships)

SDS:

Sustainable Development Strategy

SECA:

Sulphur Emission Control Area

SEEMP:

Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan

SESAR:

Single European Sky ATM Research

SO2 :

Sulphur dioxide

SSN:

SafeSeaNet (a VTMIS)

TEN-T:

Trans-European Transport Network

UIC:

International Union of Railways

UN:

United Nations

UNECE:

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

VECTO:

Vehicle energy consumption calculation tool

VTMIS:

Vessel Traffic Monitoring and Information System

WEF:

World Economic Forum

WTO:

World Trade Organization

References

  • Aarnink, S., Faber, J., & den Boer, E. (2012, October). Market barriers to increased efficiency in the European on-road freight sector. CE Delft report, Delft.

    Google Scholar 

  • CIW. (2014, November 30). What impact will new low-sulphur limits have? Container Insight Weekly, Drewry Maritime Research. Retrieved December 4, 2014, from http://ciw.drewry.co.uk/release-week/2014-22/

  • Council. (2001, June 15–16). Presidency conclusions. Council of the European Union, Gothenburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council. (2006, June 9). Review of the EU sustainable development strategy (EU SDS)—Renewed strategy. Council of the European Union, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • Entec. (2010, July). Study to review assessments undertaken of the revised MARPOL annex VI regulations. Prepared for the shipowner associations of Belgium, Finland, Germany, Holland, Sweden and UK and endorsed by ECSA and ICS.

    Google Scholar 

  • EU Scoreboard. (2014). Retrieved November 21, 2014, from http://ec.europa.eu/transport/index_en.htm

  • European Commission. (2001, May 15). A sustainable Europe for a better world: A European Union Strategy for sustainable development. COM(2001) 264 final, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2007a, October 18). The EU’s freight transport agenda: Boosting the efficiency, integration and sustainability of freight transport in Europe. COM(2007) 606, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2007b, October 18). Freight Transport Logistics Action Plan. COM(2007) 607, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2007c, October 18). Impact assessment of the Freight Transport Logistics Action Plan. SEC(2007) 1320, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2007d, October 18). Towards a rail network giving priority to freight. COM(2007) 608, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2008a, July 8). Greening transport. COM(2008) 433, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2008b, July 8). Greening Transport Inventory. SEC(2008) 2206, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2008c, July 8). Strategy for the internalization of external costs. COM(2008) 435, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2008d, July 8). Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 1999/62/EC on the charging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures. COM(2008) 436, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2008e, July 8). Rail noise abatement measures addressing the existing fleet. COM(2008) 432, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2010, March 3). EUROPE 2020—A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. COM(2010) 2020, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2011a, March 28). WHITE PAPER. Roadmap to a single European transport area—Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system. COM(2011) 144, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2011b, June 30). Handbook on the regulation concerning a European rail network for competitive freight (regulation EC 913/2010). A DG MOVE staff working document, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2013a, January 24). Clean power for transport: A European alternative fuels strategy. COM(2013) 17, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2013b, January 24). Actions towards a comprehensive EU framework on LNG for shipping. SWD(2013) 4, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2013c, June 28). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the monitoring, reporting and verification of carbon dioxide emissions from maritime transport and amending regulation (EU) no 525/2013. COM(2013) 480 final, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2013d, April 15). Proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 96/53/EC of 25 July 1996 laying down for certain road vehicles circulating within the community the maximum authorised dimensions in national and international traffic and the maximum authorised weights in international traffic. COM(2013) 195 final, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2014a). Retrieved November 27, 2014, from http://ec.europa.eu/transport/infrastructure/tentec/tentec-portal/site/maps_upload/metro_map2013.pdf

  • European Commission. (2014b, May 21). Strategy for reducing heavy-duty vehicles’ fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions. COM(2014) 285 final, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Parliament & Council. (2012a, November 21). Directive 2012/34/EU of 21 November 2012 establishing a single European railway area (recast). Strasbourg.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Parliament & Council. (2012b, November 21). Directive 2012/33/EU of 21 November 2012 amending Council Directive 1999/32/EC as regards the sulphur content of marine fuels. Strasbourg.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Parliament & Council. (2010a, September 22). Regulation (EU) no 913/2010 of 22 September 2010 concerning a European rail network for competitive freight. Strasbourg.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Parliament & Council. (2010b, July 7). Directive 2010/40/EU of 7 July 2010 on the framework for the deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems in the field of road transport and for interfaces with other modes of transport. Strasbourg.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Parliament & Council. (2013a, December 11). Regulation (EU) no 1315/2013 of 11 December 2013 on union guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network and repealing decision no 661/2010/EU. Strasbourg.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Parliament & Council. (2013b, December 11). Regulation (EU) no 1316/2013 of 11 December 2013 establishing the connecting Europe facility, amending regulation (EU) no 913/2010 and repealing regulations (EC) no 680/2007 and (EC) no 67/2010. Strasbourg.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Parliament & Council. (2014, October 22). Directive 2014/94/EU of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure. Strasbourg.

    Google Scholar 

  • GreenPort. (2014). Industry speaks out over CO2 monitoring. Retrieved December 4, 2014, from http://www.greenportcom/news101/europe/industry-speaks-out-about-co2-reporting-plans?mkt_tok=3Rk MMJWWfF9wsRoivqrLZKXonjHpfsX87eokWbHr08Yy0EZ5VunJEUWy2oAFStQ%2FcOedCQkZHblFnVQASa2xS7kNoqwE

    Google Scholar 

  • ICS. (2013, October 10). Preliminary ICS comments on the draft EU regulation on MRV. An International Chamber of Shipping brief for EU Member States and Members of the European Parliament.

    Google Scholar 

  • IMO. (2014). Special areas under MARPOL. Retrieved December 4, 2014, from http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/SpecialAreasUnderMARPOL/Pages/Default.aspx

  • Panagakos, G., Moyano, H., Psaraftis, H., Lyridis, D., Mpaliami, T., Webb, S., et al. (2013, February 25). Policy recommendations—Version 2. A SuperGreen project document.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Sustainable Leader. (2014). Sustainable development. Retrieved October 30, 2014, from http://thesustainableleader.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/sustainable_development.jpg

Download references

Acknowledgement

Work reported herein was supported in part by EU project SuperGreen and an internal grant at the Technical University of Denmark.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

    George Panagakos

Authors
  1. George Panagakos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to George Panagakos .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Transport, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

    Harilaos N. Psaraftis

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Panagakos, G. (2016). The Policy Context. In: Psaraftis, H. (eds) Green Transportation Logistics. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, vol 226. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17175-3_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation