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Effects of Exercise on Hypertension pp 239–253Cite as

Exercise and Myocardial Remodeling in Animal Models with Hypertension

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Part of the book series: Molecular and Translational Medicine ((MOLEMED))

Abstract

Hypertension has significant effects on myocardial structure and function. When the heart is faced with a chronic pressure overload, it remodels in order to normalize myocardial wall stress. In normalizing wall stress, concentric, pathological left ventricular hypertrophy is induced. Myocardial remodeling subsequently results in shifts in myocardial metabolism and humoral/intracellular signaling which can impair cardiac function over time. Hence, hypertension is often precursory to heart failure. Exercise and other lifestyle modifications are encouraged for patients with hypertension, and preclinical animal models of hypertension are often used to isolate mechanisms by which exercise training impacts cardiac structure and function. Aerobic exercise training is more efficacious in attenuating blood pressure in young hypertensive animals relative to older animals. However despite the general reduction in hemodynamic burden with aerobic exercise training, training does not exhibit a clear anti-hypertrophic effect in animals with established hypertension. In fact, more prominent cardiac hypertrophy with variable functional performance has been reported in trained, hypertensive animal hearts. Hence, the purpose of this chapter is to cover how exercise impacts cardiac remodeling and functional phenotypes in animal models of hypertension.

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Abbreviations

AHA:

American Heart Association

AKT:

Protein kinase B

BP:

Blood pressure

Ca2+ :

Calcium

cAMP:

Adenosine monophosphate

c-Kit+:

Stem cell marker

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

GRK2:

G protein receptor kinase 2

HHD:

Human hypertensive heart disease

Ki67:

Proliferation marker

LV:

Left ventricle

Na+ :

Sodium

NFAT:

Nuclear factor of activated T cells

PI3 Kinase:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase

PKA:

Protein kinase A activation

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

SERCA2A:

Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase

SHHR:

Spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rat

SHR:

Spontaneously hypertensive rat

TAC:

Transverse aortic constriction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 126B Claire M. Fagin Hall, 418 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4217, USA

    Joseph R. Libonati Ph.D., F.A.H.A.

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  1. Joseph R. Libonati Ph.D., F.A.H.A.
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Correspondence to Joseph R. Libonati Ph.D., F.A.H.A. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Human Performance Laboratory, University of Connecticut Department of Kinesiology &, Storrs, Connecticut, USA

    Linda S. Pescatello

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Libonati, J.R. (2015). Exercise and Myocardial Remodeling in Animal Models with Hypertension. In: Pescatello, L. (eds) Effects of Exercise on Hypertension. Molecular and Translational Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17076-3_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17076-3_11

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-17075-6

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