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Performance Comparison of Sodium and Magnesium Chloride-Saturated Solar Ponds

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Progress in Clean Energy, Volume 2

Abstract

This chapter deals with an experimental investigation of energy efficiency of sodium and magnesium chloride-saturated solar ponds. The solar pond systems are filled with varying-density sodium and magnesium chloride water in order to form gradient layers. A solar pond generally consists of three zones. The density of the zones increases toward the bottom. Solar radiation is absorbed by salty water and the temperature rises. The high-temperature salty water at the bottom of the solar pond remains denser than less salty water above it. Thus, the convective heat losses are prevented by gradient layers. The temperature distributions of the solar pond are obtained by using thermocouples from August to November. The density of the layers was also measured and analyzed by taking samples from the same point of the temperature sensors. The efficiencies of the solar pond are defined in terms of temperatures as the average representative solar energy. As a result, the maximum energy efficiencies of the heat storage zone for the sodium and magnesium chloride-saturated solar ponds are found as 25.41 % and 27.40 % for August, respectively.

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Abbreviations

A :

Surface area, m2

E :

Total solar energy reaching to the pond, MJ/m2

F :

Absorbed energy fraction at a region of δ-thickness

h :

Solar radiation ratio

HSZ:

Heat storage zone

k :

Thermal conductivity, J/m °C

L :

Thickness of the inner zones, m

NCZ:

Non-convective zone

Q :

Heat, J

r :

Inner radius, m

T :

Temperature, °C

UCZ:

Upper convective zone

η :

Energy efficiency

δ :

Thickness where long-wave solar energy is absorbed, m

β :

Incident beam entering rate into water

θ :

Angle

a:

Ambient

i:

Incident

r:

Refraction

sw:

Side wall

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to University of Cukurova for financial support of this work (Grant No. FEF2010BAP5 and FEF2012YL13).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Adiyaman, Adiyaman, 02040, Turkey

    Ismail Bozkurt

  2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, University of Cukurova, Adana, 01330, Turkey

    Sibel Deniz & Mehmet Karakilcik

  3. Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), 2000 Simcoe Street, North Oshawa, ON, Canada, L1H 7K4

    Ibrahim Dincer

Authors
  1. Ismail Bozkurt
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  2. Sibel Deniz
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  3. Mehmet Karakilcik
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  4. Ibrahim Dincer
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mehmet Karakilcik .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ontario, Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada

    Ibrahim Dincer

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey

    C. Ozgur Colpan

  3. Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey

    Onder Kizilkan

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey

    M. Akif Ezan

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Bozkurt, I., Deniz, S., Karakilcik, M., Dincer, I. (2015). Performance Comparison of Sodium and Magnesium Chloride-Saturated Solar Ponds. In: Dincer, I., Colpan, C., Kizilkan, O., Ezan, M. (eds) Progress in Clean Energy, Volume 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17031-2_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17031-2_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-17030-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-17031-2

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

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