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Sustainable Agriculture Reviews pp 123–140Cite as

Rice, Wheat and Maize Biofortification

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Part of the book series: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews ((SARV,volume 16))

Abstract

Cereals are the major energy source for humans throughout the world and hold a prominent position in a balanced diet to meet up carbohydrate demand of the body. Most of the cereals are deficient in micronutrient and vitamins and continuous dependency on cereal based diets resulted in human malnutrition. Biofortification is a novel concept defined as the enrichment of micronutrients through conventional plant breeding and modern biotechnology. In this post genomic era, an enormous amount of genetic information is available for staple food crops. This genetic information could be used to improve nutritional quality of the staple food crops to provide nutritional requirements. During last few decades, cereal biofortification research has been significantly contributed to reduce malnutrition around the world. Knowledge of precise phenotyping and genetics of the traits are prerequisite before starting of a genetic biofortification program. The inheritance of major micronutrients and vitamins in rice, wheat and maize were reported to be polygenic and in most of the cases the quantitative trait loci were mapped in the genome. A few commercial cereal cultivars are developed so far using genetic biofortification technique. The ongoing biofortification programs are more competitive as newer perspective of food matrix came into picture. In this article we reviewed an overview of current global cereal biofortification efforts, global malnutrition issues, and the promise of biotechnology techniques to improve cereals as a whole food solution to combat global malnutrition issues.

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Abbreviations

cDNA:

Complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acid

CGIAR:

Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

ILs:

Introgression Lines

QPM:

Quality Protein Maize

QTL:

Quantitative Trait Loci

RILs:

Recombinant Inbred Lines

SCN:

Standing Committee on Nutrition

UN:

United Nations

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Acknowledgement

An ICAR International Fellowship to Debjyoti Sen Gupta from Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India is thankfully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cereal Science Graduate Program, Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, 222 Harris Hall, 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA

    Debjyoti Sen Gupta, Lukshman J. Ekanayake, Casey Johnson & Darshika Amarakoon

  2. ICAR Agriculture Research Service, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, 208 024, India

    Debjyoti Sen Gupta

  3. School of Food Systems, North Dakota State University, 222 Harris Hall, 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA

    Dil Thavarajah

  4. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat-Institute, 6299, Rabat, Morocco

    Shiv Kumar

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  1. Debjyoti Sen Gupta
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  2. Dil Thavarajah
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  4. Casey Johnson
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Correspondence to Debjyoti Sen Gupta .

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  1. INRA-CMSE-PME, Dijon cedex, France

    Eric Lichtfouse

  2. Bayer Crop Science, Bayer Inc, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

    Aakash Goyal

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Gupta, D.S., Thavarajah, D., Ekanayake, L.J., Johnson, C., Amarakoon, D., Kumar, S. (2015). Rice, Wheat and Maize Biofortification. In: Lichtfouse, E., Goyal, A. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 16. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16988-0_6

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