Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Acoustic, Electromagnetic, Neutron Emissions from Fracture and Earthquakes pp 123–134Cite as

Cold Nuclear Fusion Explained by Hydrogen Embrittlement and Piezonuclear Fissions in Metallic Electrodes: Part II: Pd and Ni Electrodes

  • Chapter

Abstract

Recent experiments provided evidence of piezonuclear reactions occurring in condensed matter during electrolysis. These experiments were characterized by significant neutron and alpha particle emissions, together with appreciable variations in the chemical composition at the electrode surfaces. A mechanical reason for the so-called Cold Nuclear Fusion was recently proposed by the authors. The hydrogen embrittlement due to H atoms produced by the electrolysis plays an essential role for the observed micro-cracking in the electrode host metals (Pd and Ni). Consequently, our hypothesis is that piezonuclear fission reactions may occur in correspondence to the micro-crack formation or propagation. In order to confirm the early results obtained by the Ni-Fe and Co-Cr electrodes and presented in the companion paper (Part I), electrolytic tests have been conducted using 100 % Pd at the cathode and 90 % Ni at the anode. As a result, relevant compositional changes and the appearance of elements previously absent have been observed on the Pd and Ni electrodes after the experiments, as well as significant neutron emissions. The most relevant process emerging from the experiment is the primary fission of palladium into iron and calcium. Then, secondary fissions of both the products as well as of nickel in the other electrode appear in turn producing oxygen atoms, alpha particles, and neutrons.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Borghi DC, Giori DC, Dall’Olio A (1992) Experimental evidence on the emission of neutrons from cold hydrogen plasma. In: Proceedings of the international workshop on few-body problems in low-energy physics, Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, Unpublished Communication (1957); Comunicacao n. 25 do CENUFPE, Recife Brazil (1971), pp 147–154

    Google Scholar 

  2. Diebner K (1962) Fusionsprozesse mit Hilfe konvergenter Stosswellen – einige aeltere und neuere Versuche und Ueberlegungen. Kerntechnik 3:89–93

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kaliski S (1978) Bi-conical system of concentric explosive compression of D-T. J Tech Phys 19:283–289

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Winterberg F (1984) Autocatalytic fusion–fission implosions. Atomenergie-Kerntechnik 44:146

    Google Scholar 

  5. Derjaguin BV et al (1989) Titanium fracture yields neutrons? Nature 34:492

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Fleischmann M, Pons S, Hawkins M (1989) Electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium. J Electroanal Chem 261:301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Bockris JM, Lin GH, Kainthla RC, Packham NJC, Velev O (1990) Does tritium form at electrodes by nuclear reactions? The first annual conference on cold fusion. University of Utah Research Park/National Cold Fusion Institute, Salt Lake City

    Google Scholar 

  8. Preparata G (1991) Some theories of cold fusion: a review. Fusion Tech 20:82

    Google Scholar 

  9. Preparata G (1991) A new look at solid-state fractures, particle emissions and “cold” nuclear fusion. Il Nuovo Cimento 104(A):1259–1263

    Google Scholar 

  10. Mills RL, Kneizys P (1991) Excess heat production by the electrolysis of an aqueous potassium carbonate electrolyte and the implications for cold fusion. Fusion Technol 20:65

    Google Scholar 

  11. Notoya R, Enyo M (1992) Excess heat production during electrolysis of H2O on Ni, Au, Ag and Sn electrodes in alkaline media. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on cold fusion, Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  12. Miles MH, Hollins RA, Bush BF, Lagowski JJ, Miles RE (1993) Correlation of excess power and helium production during D2O and H2O electrolysis using Palladium cathodes. J Electroanal Chem 346:99–117

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bush RT, Eagleton RD (1993) Calorimetric studies for several light water electrolytic cells with nickel fibrex cathodes and electrolytes with alkali salts of potassium, rubidium, and cesium. In: Fourth international conference on cold fusion, Lahaina. Electric power research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave Palo Alto, CA 94304, p 13

    Google Scholar 

  14. Fleischmann M, Pons S, Preparata G (1994) Possible theories of cold fusion. Nuovo Cimento Soc Ital Fis A 107:143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Szpak S, Mosier-Boss PA, Smith JJ (1994) Deuterium uptake during Pd-D codeposition. J Electroanal Chem 379:121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Sundaresan R, Bockris JOM (1994) Anomalous reactions during arcing between carbon rods in water. Fusion Technol 26:261

    Google Scholar 

  17. Arata Y, Zhang Y (1995) Achievement of solid-state plasma fusion (“cold-fusion”). Proc Jpn Acad 71(B):304–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ohmori T, Mizuno T, Enyo M (1996) Isotopic distributions of heavy metal elements produced during the light water electrolysis on gold electrodes. J New Energy 1(3):90–99

    Google Scholar 

  19. Monti RA (1996) Low energy nuclear reactions: experimental evidence for the alpha extended model of the atom. J New Energy 1(3):131

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Monti RA (1998) Nuclear transmutation processes of Lead, Silver, Thorium, Uranium. The seventh international conference on cold fusion. ENECO, Vancouver/Salt Lake City

    Google Scholar 

  21. Ohmori T, Mizuno T (1998) Strong excess energy evolution, new element production, and electromagnetic wave and/or neutron emission in light water electrolysis with a Tungsten cathode. Infinite Energy 20:14–17

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mizuno T (1998) Nuclear transmutation: the reality of cold fusion. Infinite Energy Press, New Hampshire

    Google Scholar 

  23. Little SR, Puthoff HE, Little ME (1998) Search for excess heat from a Pt electrode discharge in K2CO3-H2O and K2CO3-D2O electrolytes. Infinite Energy 5:34

    Google Scholar 

  24. Ohmori T, Mizuno T (2000) Nuclear transmutation reaction caused by light water electrolysis on tungsten cathode under incandescent conditions. J New Energy 4(4):66–78

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ransford HE (1999) Non-stellar nucleosynthesis: transition metal production by DC plasma-discharge electrolysis using carbon electrodes in a non-metallic cell. Infinite Energy 4(23):16–22

    Google Scholar 

  26. Storms E (2000) Excess power production from platinum cathodes using the Pons-Fleischmann effect. In: Eighth international conference on cold fusion, Lerici (La Spezia), Italian Physical Society, Bologna, pp 55–61

    Google Scholar 

  27. Storms E (2007) Science of low energy nuclear reaction: a comprehensive compilation of evidence and explanations about cold fusion. World Scientific Publishing, Singapore

    Book  Google Scholar 

  28. Mizuno T et al (2000) Production of heat during plasma electrolysis. Jpn J Appl Phys A 39:6055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Warner J, Dash J, Frantz S (2002) Electrolysis of D2O with titanium cathodes: enhancement of excess heat and further evidence of possible transmutation. The ninth international conference on cold fusion. Tsinghua University, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  30. Fujii MF et al (2002) Neutron emission from fracture of piezoelectric materials in deuterium atmosphere. Jpn J Appl Phys 41:2115–2119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Mosier-Boss PA et al (2007) Use of CR-39 in Pd/D co-deposition experiments. Eur Phys J Appl Phys 40:293–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Swartz M (2008) Three physical regions of anomalous activity in deuterated palladium. Infinite Energy 14:19–31

    Google Scholar 

  33. Mosier-Boss PA et al (2010) Comparison of Pd/D co-deposition and DT neutron generated triple tracks observed in CR-39 detectors. Eur Phys J Appl Phys 51(2):20901–20911

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kanarev M, Mizuno T (2002) Cold fusion by plasma electrolysis of water. J Theoretics 5:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  35. Cardone F, Cherubini G, Petrucci A (2009) Piezonuclear neutrons. Phys Lett A 373:862–866

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Carpinteri A, Cardone F, Lacidogna G (2009) Piezonuclear neutrons from brittle fracture: early results of mechanical compression tests. Strain 45:332–339, Atti dell’Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 33: 27–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Cardone F, Carpinteri A, Lacidogna G (2009) Piezonuclear neutrons from fracturing of inert solids. Phys Lett A 373:4158–4163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Carpinteri A, Cardone F, Lacidogna G (2010) Energy emissions from failure phenomena: mechanical, electromagnetic, nuclear. Exp Mech 50:1235–1243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Carpinteri A, Lacidogna G, Manuello A, Borla O (2012) Piezonuclear fission reactions: evidences from microchemical analysis, neutron emission, and geological transformation. Rock Mech Rock Eng 45:445–459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Carpinteri A, Lacidogna G, Manuello A, Borla O (2013) Piezonuclear fission reactions from earthquakes and brittle rocks failure: evidence of neutron emission and nonradioactive product elements. Exp Mech 53:345–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Milne I, Ritchie RO, Karihaloo B (2003) Comprehensive structural integrity: fracture of materials from nano to macro, vol 6. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 2, 31–33

    Google Scholar 

  42. Liebowitz H (1971) Fracture an advanced treatise. Academic Press, New York/San Francisco/London

    Google Scholar 

  43. Carpinteri A, Borla O, Goi A, Manuello A, Veneziano D (2014) Mechanical conjectures explaining cold nuclear fusion. Adv Opt Methods in Exp Mech 3:353−367. In: Conference proceedings of the society for experimental mechanics lombard, Illinois, 2013, Paper No 481

    Google Scholar 

  44. Veneziano D, Borla O, Goi A, Manuello A, Carpinteri A (2013) Mechanical conjectures based on hydrogen embrittlement explaining cold nuclear fusion. In: Proceedings of the 21° Congresso Nazionale di Meccanica Teorica ed Applicata (AIMETA), Torino, 2013, CD-ROM

    Google Scholar 

  45. Carpinteri A, Borla O, Goi A, Manuello A, Veneziano D (2016) Cold nuclear fusion explained by hydrogen embrittlement and piezonuclear fissions of the metallic electrodes: part I: Ni-Fe and Co-Cr electrodes. In: Carpinteri A et al (eds) Acoustic, electromagnetic, neutron emissions from fracture and earthquakes. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy

    Alberto Carpinteri, Oscar Borla, Amedeo Manuello & Diego Veneziano

  2. Private experimentalist Varese, Varese, Italy

    Alessandro Goi

  3. Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy

    Salvatore Guastella

Authors
  1. Alberto Carpinteri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Oscar Borla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alessandro Goi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Salvatore Guastella
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Amedeo Manuello
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Diego Veneziano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alberto Carpinteri .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Bulding Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy

    Alberto Carpinteri

  2. Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy

    Giuseppe Lacidogna

  3. Department of Structural, Geotechnics and Building Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy

    Amedeo Manuello

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Carpinteri, A., Borla, O., Goi, A., Guastella, S., Manuello, A., Veneziano, D. (2015). Cold Nuclear Fusion Explained by Hydrogen Embrittlement and Piezonuclear Fissions in Metallic Electrodes: Part II: Pd and Ni Electrodes. In: Carpinteri, A., Lacidogna, G., Manuello, A. (eds) Acoustic, Electromagnetic, Neutron Emissions from Fracture and Earthquakes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16955-2_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16955-2_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-16954-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-16955-2

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation