Abstract
A computer simulation model was written to analyze and compare the likely impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and on fossil fuel consumption of converting from conventional gasoline-powered internal combustion engine vehicles (ICVs) to seven different alternative vehicle/fuel combinations including five electric vehicle combinations described in this chapter; these five scenarios will be used to estimate potential (GHG) and petroleum consumption in Chaps. 8 and 9: (1) Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) scenario; (2) Gasoline plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) scenario; (3) Biofuel PHEV scenario; (4) Battery electric vehicle (BEV) scenario; and (5) Fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) scenario. And two other non-conventional alternative fuel vehicles are analyzed in Chap. 11: (1) Diesel fuel HEV scenario; and (2) Natural gas HEV scenario.
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Notes
- 1.
Other biofuels could be used, but we have detailed GHG emissions data on ethanol. We assume that the ethanol is made from cellulosic feedstocks [such as corn stalks (“stover”)] and not from corn to avoid the food versus fuel dilemma.
- 2.
In addition to BEV sales limited by off-street parking access, they would be limited by the ability to power larger, heavier vehicles.
- 3.
Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
- 4.
Not shown on this chart is hydrogen made from municipal solid waste and landfill gas, which would have lower net GHG emissions than hydrogen made by electrolysis from biomass since the conversion of waste at wastewater treatment plants reduces electricity-generated GHG emissions and also reduces the consumption of natural gas to heat the anaerobic digester tanks, further reducing the GHG emissions.
Reference
E.J. Traut et al., “U.S. residential charging potential for electric vehicles,” Carnegie Mellon University, Transportation Research Part D 25 (2013) 139-145. Available at: http://www.cmu.edu/me/ddl/publications/2013-TRD-Traut-etal-Residential-EV-Charging.pdf.
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Thomas, C.E.(. (2015). Computer Simulation Model Scenarios. In: Sustainable Transportation Options for the 21st Century and Beyond. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16832-6_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16832-6_7
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