Abstract
This chapter will discuss different causes of pain following limb amputation. It will outline the differences between residual limb pain, phantom limb sensation, and phantom limb pain. Various treatment options will be reviewed, including psychological management, physical and occupational therapy, medications, interventional procedures, and surgery.
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Recommended Reading
Hanakawa T. Neural mechanisms underlying deafferentation pain: a hypothesis from a neuroimaging perspective. J Orthop Sci. 2012;17(3):331–5. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00776-012-0209-9
Huang ME, Miller LA, Lipschultz R, Kuiken TA. Rehabilitation and prosthetic restoration in lower limb amputation. In: Braddom RL, editor. Physical medicine & rehabilitation. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2011. p. 277–316.
Karanikolas M, Aretha D, Tsolakis I, Monantera G, Kiekkas P, Papadoulas S, Swarm RA, Filos KS. Optimized perioperative analgesia reduces chronic phantom limb pain intensity, prevalence, and frequency: a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Anesthesiology. 2011;114(5):1144–54. http://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e31820fc7d2
McCormick Z, Chang-Chien G, Marshall B, Huang M, Harden RN. Phantom limb pain: a systematic neuroanatomical-based review of pharmacologic treatment. Pain Med. 2014;15:292–305.
Nawijn S, van der Linde H, Emmelot C, Hofstad C. Stump management after trans-tibial amputation: a systematic review. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2005;29(1):13–26. http://doi.org/10.1080/17461550500066832
Ramachandran VS, Hirstein W. The perception of phantom limbs. The D. O. Hebb lecture. Brain. 1998;121:1603–30. http://doi.org/10.1093/brain/121.9.1603
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Wieseltier, E., Minori, J., Lie-Nemeth, T. (2017). Pain in the Amputation Rehabilitation Patient. In: Carayannopoulos DO, MPH, A. (eds) Comprehensive Pain Management in the Rehabilitation Patient. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16784-8_9
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