Abstract
Continuous fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) always involves a fluid flow through the fibrous medium, whether to create a semi-product like a prepreg that will be further processed to make the final part or to directly manufacture a part from dry fiber reinforcement. This chapter discusses the physics and modeling of flow of simple fluids within complex microstructure. Microstructure refers here to features of internal structure of engineered fibrous materials used to reinforce polymer composites. As already mentioned earlier in this book, the flow is greatly influenced by the type of fibers being used and is viewed as key for ensuring successful fabrication. This chapter has a complementary focus as compared to Chap. 2. Here only media made of continuous fibers are considered. An important characteristic of continuous fibers is that they cannot flow with the polymer, even if the viscosity of the polymer is low. This chapter reviews the modeling of viscous resin into a porous network of stationary fibers, at a variety of length scales. As far engineered fibrous materials are concerned, the appropriate length scales are those that reveal the partition of the fibrous media into regions of nearly continuous phase such as continuous fibers and cluster of fibers called fiber bundles.
Keywords
- Representative Volume Element
- Flow Front
- Momentum Balance Equation
- Resin Transfer Molding
- Extra Stress Tensor
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
S. Advani, E. Murat Sozer (eds.), Process Modeling in Composites Manufacturing, vol. 59 (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2002)
S. Advani, K-T Hsiao (eds.), Manufacturing Techniques for Polymer Matrix composites (PMCs) (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2012)
C. Binetruy, B. Hilaire, J. Pabiot, The interactions between flows occurring inside and outside fabric tows during RTM. Compos. Sci. Technol. 57(5), 587–596 (1997)
C. Binetruy, B. Hilaire, J. Pabiot, Tow impregnation model and void formation mechanisms during RTM. J. Compos. Mater. 32(3), 223–245 (1998)
S. Comas-Cardona, B. Cosson, S. Bickerton, C. Binetruy, An optically-based inverse method to measure in-plane permeability fields of fibrous reinforcements. Compos Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 57, 41–48 (2014)
B. Gourichon, C. Binetruy, P. Krawczak, A new numerical procedure to predict dynamic void content in liquid composite molding. Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 37(11), 1961–1969 (2006)
B. Gourichon, C. Binetruy, P. Krawczak, Experimental investigation of high fiber tow count fabric unsaturation during RTM. Compos. Sci. Technol. 66(7), 976–982 (2006)
B. Gourichon, Dynamic void content prediction during radial injection in liquid composite molding. Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 39(1), 46–55 (2008)
S. Hoa, Principles of the Manufacturing of Composite Materials (DEStech Publications Inc, Lancaster, 2009)
T. Kanit, S. Forest, I. Galliet, V. Mounoury, Determination of the size of the representative volume element for random composites: statistical and numerical approach. Int. J. Solids. Struct. 40, 3647–3679 (2003)
M. Ostoja-Starzewski, Microstructural Randomness and Scaling in Mechanics of Materials (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2010)
C.H. Park, A. Lebel, A. Saouab, J. Breard, W.I. Lee, Modeling and simulation of voids and saturation in liquid composite molding processes. Compos Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 42(6), 658–668 (2011)
C. Pelissou, J. Baccou, Y. Monerie, F. Perales, Determination of the size of the representative volume element for random quasi-brittle composites. Int. J. Solids. Struct. 46, 2842–2855 (2009)
K.M. Pillai, S. Advani, Numerical and analytical study to estimate the effect of two length scales upon the permeability of a fibrous porous medium. Transp. Porous Media 21(1), 1–17 (1995)
K.M. Pillai. Governing equations for unsaturated flow through woven fiber mats. Part 1. Isothermal flows. Compos. Part A, 33/7, 1007–1019 (2002)
J.S.U. Schell, M. Deleglise, C. Binetruy, P. Krawczak, P. Ermanni, Numerical prediction and experimental characterisation of meso-scale-voids in liquid composite moulding. Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 38(12), 2460–2470 (2007)
J. Slade, K.M. Pillai, S. Advani, Investigation of unsaturated flow in woven, braided and stitched fiber mats during mold-filling in resin transfer molding. Polym. Compos. 22(4), 491–505 (2001)
J.C. Slattery, Energy Momentum and Mass Transfer in Continua (Krieger, Huntington, 1981)
S. Torquato, Random Heterogeneous Materials: Microstructure and Macroscopic Properties (Springer, New York, 2002)
C.L. Tucker III, R.B. Dessenberger, Governing Equations for Flow and Heat Transfer in Stationary Fiber Beds. Chapter 8, ed. by S.G. Advani, Flow and rheology in polymer composites manufacturing (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1994), pp. 257–323
F. Zhang, B. Cosson, S. Comas-Cardona, C. Binetruy, Efficient stochastic simulation approach for RTM process with random fibrous permeability. Compos. Sci. Technol. 71(12), 1478–1485 (2011)
F. Zhang, S. Comas-Cardona, C. Binetruy, Statistical modeling of in-plane permeability of non-woven random fibrous reinforcement. Compos. Sci. Technol. 72(12), 1368–1379 (2012)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Binetruy, C., Chinesta, F., Keunings, R. (2015). Flows of Simple Fluids in Complex Microstructures: Composite Processing of Structural Polymer Composites. In: Flows in Polymers, Reinforced Polymers and Composites. SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16757-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16757-2_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-16756-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-16757-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)