Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Rationale, Indications, and Techniques

  • Chapter
Practical Medical and Surgical Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Abstract

Sinus surgery has been revolutionized in the last 30 years by the introduction of the endoscope. Since then, the surgical indications have expanded quite significantly. The way chronic rhinosinusitis is treated surgically has also changed to become a way to increase the penetration of the topical nasal therapies into the sinus cavities rather than only merely addressing a few anatomical obstructing structures. Complete endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) including a maxillary antrostomy, sphenoethmoidectomy, and frontal recess surgery is becoming an increasingly performed surgery, and proper knowledge of 3-D anatomy is critical in order to prevent potential catastrophic complications such as orbital or neurological injuries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kennedy DW, Zinreich SJ, Rosenbaum AE, Johns ME. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Theory and diagnostic evaluation. Arch Otolaryngol (Chicago: 1960). 1985;111(9):576–82.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Stammberger H. Endoscopic endonasal surgery–concepts in treatment of recurring rhinosinusitis. Part II. Surgical technique. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1986;94(2):147–56.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Messerklinger W. On the drainage of the normal frontal sinus of man. Acta Otolaryngol. 1967;63(2):176–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Thomas 3rd WW, Harvey RJ, Rudmik L, Hwang PH, Schlosser RJ. Distribution of topical agents to the paranasal sinuses: an evidence-based review with recommendations. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2013;3(9):691–703.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bolger WE, Brown CL, Church CA, Goldberg AN, Karanfilov B, Kuhn FA, et al. Safety and outcomes of balloon catheter sinusotomy: a multicenter 24-week analysis in 115 patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;137(1):10–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Batra PS, Ryan MW, Sindwani R, Marple BF. Balloon catheter technology in rhinology: reviewing the evidence. Laryngoscope. 2011;121(1):226–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Cutler J, Bikhazi N, Light J, Truitt T, Schwartz M. Standalone balloon dilation versus sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis: a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013;27(5):416–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Catalano P, Roffman E. Outcome in patients with chronic sinusitis after the minimally invasive sinus technique. Am J Rhinol. 2003;17(1):17–22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Naidoo Y, Bassiouni A, Keen M, Wormald PJ. Long-term outcomes for the endoscopic modified Lothrop/Draf III procedure: a 10-year review. Laryngoscope. 2014;124(1):43–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Jankowski R, Pigret D, Decroocq F. Comparison of functional results after ethmoidectomy and nasalization for diffuse and severe nasal polyposis. Acta Otolaryngol. 1997;117(4):601–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Dubin MG, Liu C, Lin SY, Senior BA. American Rhinologic Society member survey on “maximal medical therapy” for chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol. 2007;21(4):483–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sylvester DC, Carr S, Nix P. Maximal medical therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis: a survey of otolaryngology consultants in the United Kingdom. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2013;3(2):129–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Krouse JH, Veling MC, Ryan MW, Pillsbury 3rd HC, Krouse HJ, Joe S, et al. Executive summary: asthma and the unified airway. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;136(5):699–706.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ragab S, Scadding GK, Lund VJ, Saleh H. Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis and its effects on asthma. Eur Respir J. 2006;28(1):68–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Meena RS, Meena D, Aseri Y, Singh BK, Verma PC. Chronic rhino-sinusitis and asthma: concept of unified airway disease (UAD) and its impact in otolaryngology. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;65 Suppl 2:338–42.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Batra PS, Kern RC, Tripathi A, Conley DB, Ditto AM, Haines 3rd GK, et al. Outcome analysis of endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with nasal polyps and asthma. Laryngoscope. 2003;113(10):1703–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Crosby DL, Adappa ND. What is the optimal management of chronic rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis? Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;22(1):42–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Cannady SB, Batra PS, Koening C, Lorenz RR, Citardi MJ, Langford C, et al. Sinonasal Wegener granulomatosis: a single-institution experience with 120 cases. Laryngoscope. 2009;119(4):757–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Bacciu A, Buzio C, Giordano D, Pasanisi E, Vincenti V, Mercante G, et al. Nasal polyposis in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Laryngoscope. 2008;118(2):325–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Lai JC, Lee HS, Chen MK, Tsai YL. Patient satisfaction and treatment outcome of fungus ball rhinosinusitis treated by functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;268(2):227–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Ledderose GJ, Braun T, Betz CS, Stelter K, Leunig A. Functional endoscopic surgery of paranasal fungus ball: clinical outcome, patient benefit and health-related quality of life. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;269(10):2203–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Laury AM, Wise SK. Chapter 7: Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013;27 Suppl 1:S26–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Duggal P, Wise SK. Chapter 8: Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013;27 Suppl 1:S28–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Rosenfeld RM. Clinical practice guideline on adult sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;137(3):365–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Poetker DM, Litvack JR, Mace JC, Smith TL. Recurrent acute rhinosinusitis: presentation and outcomes of sinus surgery. Am J Rhinol. 2008;22(3):329–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Leung R, Almassian S, Kern R, Conley D, Tan B, Chandra R. Patient level decision making in recurrent acute rhinosinusitis: a cost-benefit threshold for surgery. Laryngoscope. 2013;123(1):11–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Courson AM, Stankiewicz JA, Lal D. Contemporary management of frontal sinus mucoceles: a meta-analysis. Laryngoscope. 2014;124(2):378–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Kennedy DW, Josephson JS, Zinreich SJ, Mattox DE, Goldsmith MM. Endoscopic sinus surgery for mucoceles: a viable alternative. Laryngoscope. 1989;99(9):885–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Prevedello DM, Ditzel Filho LF, Solari D, Carrau RL, Kassam AB. Expanded endonasal approaches to middle cranial fossa and posterior fossa tumors. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2010;21(4):621–35. 4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Wigand ME. [Transnasal, endoscopical surgery for chronic sinusitis. III. Endonasal ethmoidectomy (author’s transl)]. Hno. 1981;29(9):287–93.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kennedy DW, Zinreich SJ, Hassab MH. The internal carotid artery as it relates to endonasal sphenoethmoidectomy. Am J Rhinol. 1990;4(1):7–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Dalgorf DM, Sacks R, Wormald PJ, Naidoo Y, Panizza B, Uren B, et al. Image-guided surgery influences perioperative morbidity from endoscopic sinus surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;149(1):17–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Wormald PJ, van Renen G, Perks J, Jones JA, Langton-Hewer CD. The effect of the total intravenous anesthesia compared with inhalational anesthesia on the surgical field during endoscopic sinus surgery. Am J Rhinol. 2005;19(5):514–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. DeConde AS, Thompson CF, Wu EC, Suh JD. Systematic review and meta-analysis of total intravenous anesthesia and endoscopic sinus surgery. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2013;3(10):848–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Higgins TS, Hwang PH, Kingdom TT, Orlandi RR, Stammberger H, Han JK. Systematic review of topical vasoconstrictors in endoscopic sinus surgery. Laryngoscope. 2011;121(2):422–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Wormald PJ, Athanasiadis T, Rees G, Robinson S. An evaluation of effect of pterygopalatine fossa injection with local anesthetic and adrenalin in the control of nasal bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery. Am J Rhinol. 2005;19(3):288–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Eloy JA, Kovalerchik O, Bublik M, Ruiz JW, Casiano RR. Effect of greater palatine canal injection on estimated blood loss during endoscopic sinus surgery. Am J Otolaryngol. 2014;35(1):1–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Douglas R, Wormald PJ. Pterygopalatine fossa infiltration through the greater palatine foramen: where to bend the needle. Laryngoscope. 2006;116(7):1255–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Kennedy DW, Adappa ND. Endoscopic maxillary antrostomy: not just a simple procedure. Laryngoscope. 2011;121(10):2142–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Phillips PS, Sacks R, Marcells GN, Cohen NA, Harvey RJ. Nasal nitric oxide and sinonasal disease: a systematic review of published evidence. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;144(2):159–69.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Bolger WE, Keyes AS, Lanza DC. Use of the superior meatus and superior turbinate in the endoscopic approach to the sphenoid sinus. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999;120(3):308–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Gheriani H, Flamer D, Orton T, Mechor B, Javer AR. A comparison of two sphenoidotomy approaches using a novel computerized tomography grading system. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2009;23(2):212–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Bolger WE, Butzin CA, Parsons DS. Paranasal sinus bony anatomic variations and mucosal abnormalities: CT analysis for endoscopic sinus surgery. Laryngoscope. 1991;101(1 Pt 1):56–64.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Wormald PJ, Chan SZ. Surgical techniques for the removal of frontal recess cells obstructing the frontal ostium. Am J Rhinol. 2003;17(4):221–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Comer BT, Kincaid NW, Smith NJ, Wallace JH, Kountakis SE. Frontal sinus septations predict the presence of supraorbital ethmoid cells. Laryngoscope. 2013;123(9):2090–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Soler ZM, Hwang PH, Mace J, Smith TL. Outcomes after middle turbinate resection: revisiting a controversial topic. Laryngoscope. 2010;120(4):832–7.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Wu AW, Ting JY, Platt MP, Tierney HT, Metson R. Factors affecting time to revision sinus surgery for nasal polyps: a 25-year experience. Laryngoscope. 2014;124(1):29–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Bolger WE, Kuhn FA, Kennedy DW. Middle turbinate stabilization after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: the controlled synechiae technique. Laryngoscope. 1999;109(11):1852–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Cote DW, Wright ED. Triamcinolone-impregnated nasal dressing following endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Laryngoscope. 2010;120(6):1269–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Université de Sherbrooke, 580 rue Bowen sud, Sherbrooke, QC, J1G 2E8, Canada

    Marie Bussières MD, FRCSC

  2. Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, Room 1E4 WMC 8440 – 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6M 2K8, Canada

    Erin D. Wright MDCM, MED

Authors
  1. Marie Bussières MD, FRCSC
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Erin D. Wright MDCM, MED
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marie Bussières MD, FRCSC .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rush Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Pete S. Batra

  2. Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA

    Joseph K. Han

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bussières, M., Wright, E.D. (2015). Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Rationale, Indications, and Techniques. In: Batra, P., Han, J. (eds) Practical Medical and Surgical Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16724-4_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16724-4_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-16723-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-16724-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation