Skip to main content

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Space Development ((BRIEFSSPACE))

  • 681 Accesses

Abstract

Above the altitude routinely used by commercial aviation and below the lowest orbit manageable by a space object, there is a gray area where aeronautic and astronautic activities may intersect each other. With the constant evolution of technology, this region has increasingly received more attention by legal scholars, international organizations and delegations before the UNCOPUOS, in efforts to properly regulate it through a common international regime.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Peter P. C. Haanappel. The Law and Policy of Air Space and Outer Space: a Comparative Approach. The Hague, the Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2003. p. 27.

  2. 2.

    Joseph N. Pelton. “A New Integrated Global Regulatory Regime for Air and Space: The Needs for Safety Standards for the ‘Protozone’”. 2nd Manfred Lachs International Conference on Global Space Governance. Montreal, Canada: McGill University, 2014.

  3. 3.

    “Teríamos um espaço aéreo, onde o Estado subjacente exerce soberania plena, um espaço contíguo, onde ele exerce uma soberania relativa e o espaço exterior, onde não há exercício de soberania.” Adherbal Meira Mattos. Direito Internacional Público. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Renovar, 2002. p. 219.

  4. 4.

    Nicolas Mateesco Matte. Aerospace Law. Toronto, Canada: Carswell, 1969. p. 39.

  5. 5.

    A. Mérignac. “Le Domain Aérien Privé et Public et le Droit de l’Aviation en Temps de Paix et Guerre”. Revue Générale de Droit International Public, Vol. XXI. Paris, France, 1914. p. 205 e ss.

  6. 6.

    Luis Ivani de Amorim Araújo. Curso de Direito Internacional Público. 6. ed. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Forense, 1988. p. 211.

  7. 7.

    John C. Cooper. Explorations in Aerospace Law. Montreal, Canada: McGill University Press, 1968. p. 304.

  8. 8.

    Olgierd Wolczek. “Remarks”. Proceedings of the First Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space. IISL, The Hague, 1957.

  9. 9.

    Modesto Seara Vázquez. “The Functional Regulation of the Extra-Atmospheric Space”. Proceedings of the Second Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space. IISL, London, 1958. p. 144/145.

  10. 10.

    Martin B. Schofield. Control of Outer Space. New York, USA: 1959. p. 365.

  11. 11.

    William A. Hyman. Magna Carta of Space. Amherst, USA: Amherst Press, 1962. p. 199.

  12. 12.

    The publicist provided the following definition of the “Neutralia”: “that there be established a neutral zone embracing the upper limits of airspace and the lower limits of outer-space to be known as ‘Neutralia’ in which the right of innocent passage shall be recognized without offense to sovereignty. In this area of ‘Neutralia’ there shall be the right of innocent passage of all craft, vehicles and objects of transit and movement without any such incident being deemed an invasion of sovereignty. In the event of any such innocent passage no nation shall have the right to attack or destroy any occupants thereof without prior, sufficient warning and notice of claim of invasion of sovereignty and without prior opportunity for determination of the merits of such complaints by peaceful methods”. William A. Hyman. Magna Carta of Space. Amherst, USA: Amherst Press, 1962. p. 202.

  13. 13.

    William A. Hyman. Magna Carta of Space. Amherst, USA: Amherst Press, 1962. p. 203/205.

  14. 14.

    A/AC.98/C.2/SR.3.

  15. 15.

    A/AC.105/C.1/SR.47.

  16. 16.

    Bernard Heraud. “The Problem of the Delimitation of the Outer Space”. Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space. IISL, Munich, 1979.

  17. 17.

    Gijsbertha Cornelia Maria Reijnen. Legal Aspects of Outer Space. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Drukkerij Elinkwijk, 1977. p. 86/91.

  18. 18.

    Peter P. C. Haanappel. “Airspace, Outer Space and Mesospace”. Proceedings of the Nineteenth Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space. IISL, New York, 1977. p. 161/162.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

de Oliveira Bittencourt Neto, O. (2015). The “Protozone”/“Mesospace” Situation. In: Defining the Limits of Outer Space for Regulatory Purposes. SpringerBriefs in Space Development. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16685-8_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics