Abstract
For a number of electron-excess molecules that involve atoms of first-row elements (in particular, nitrogen atoms), an older type of “increased-valence” structure is sometimes used to represent their electronic structures. Since the 1860s and until the introduction of the Lewis-Langmuir octet theory, nitrogen atoms were often represented with valencies of 3 or 5 in valence-bond structures.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
W.G. Palmer, Valency: Classical and Modern, C.U.P., p. 78 (1959).
W. Hückel, Theoretical Principles of Organic Chemistry, (Elsevier), 1, 35 (1955); 2, 565 (1958).
L. Pauling, The Nature of the Chemical Bond, Cornell, pp. 8, 9, 270, 350 (1960).
L. Paoloni, Gazz. Chim. Ital., 96, 83 (1966).
J.J. Turner, J. Chem. Soc. A, 2478 (1971).
R.J. Gillespie, J. Chem. Soc., 1002 (1952).
G. Herzberg, Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure, Van Nostrand, London, p. 369 (1966).
C.A. Coulson, Nature, 221, 1106 (1969).
H.A. Bent, J. Chem. Educ., 43, 1270 (1966); Chem. Rev., 68, 587 (1968).
C.A. Coulson, J. Chem. Soc., 1442 (1964).
R.D. Harcourt, Austral. J. Chem., 22, 279 (1969).
J.I. Musher, Angewandte Chemie (Int. Ed.), 8, 54 (1969).
D.R. Armstrong, P.G. Perkins and J.J.P. Stewart, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 838 (1973).
T.A. Halgren, L.D. Brown, D.A. Kleier and W.N. Lipscomb, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 99, 6793 (1977).
R.D. Harcourt, J. Chem. Educ. 45, 779 (1968); 46, 856 (1969).
R. Samuel, J. Chem. Phys., 12, 167, 180, 380, 521 (1944).
G.W. Wheland, J. Chem. Phys., 13, 239 (1945).
R. Samuel, J. Chem. Phys., 13, 572 (1945).
J.W. Linnett, J. Chem. Soc., 275 (1956).
M.L. Green and J.W. Linnett, J. Chem. Soc., 4959 (1960).
P.W. Atkins and M.C.R. Symons, J. Chem. Soc., 4794 (1962).
R.D. Harcourt, Theor. Chim. Acta, 2, 437 (1964); 4, 202 (1966).
R.D. Harcourt, J. Mol. Struct. 9, 221 (1971).
R.D. Harcourt, (a) Chem. Eng. News, 63(3), 3, 77 (1985). (b) J. Mol. Struct. 300, 245 (1993). (c) Int. J. Quantum Chem. 60, 553-566 (1996).
W.A.Goddard III, Phys. Rev. 157, 73, 81 (1967).
J. Gerratt, Adv. At. Mol. Phys. 7, 141 (1971).
C.P. Byrman, Non-orthogonal Orbitals in Chemistry, (Thesis, University of Utrecht), p. 19 (1996).
D.L. Cooper, J. Gerratt and M. Raimondi, Chem. Revs. 91, 929 (1991).
R.D. Harcourt (a) J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 259, 155 (1992). (b) J. Phys. Chem. A, 114, 8573, 8932 (2010).
R.D. Harcourt and A. Schulz, J. Phys. Chem. A, 104, 6510 (2000).
W-G Liu and W.A. Goddard III, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 134, 12970 (2012).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Harcourt, R.D. (2016). Classical Valence Bond Structures and Quinquevalent Nitrogen Atoms. In: Bonding in Electron-Rich Molecules. Lecture Notes in Chemistry, vol 90. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16676-6_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16676-6_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-16675-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-16676-6
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)