Abstract
Consanguinity is still common in the Middle East. This chapter uses the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from Egypt (2005; Nā=ā5,240) and Jordan (2007; Nā=ā3,444) to examine the relationship between consanguinity and intimate partner violence (IPV). Binary logistic regression models used to assess the association revealed that IPV, namely physical, emotional, and sexual violence during the past year to the survey, was fairly similar in both countries. Physical violence was 18 % in Egypt and 12 % in Jordan; emotional violence was 10 % in both countries, while sexual violence was lower: 6 % in Jordan and 4 % in Egypt. Jordan has a higher rate of consanguinity (39 %) compared to Egypt (33 %). Findings show significant association between consanguinity and experience of emotional, but not physical, or sexual IPV in the past year in both countries. Duration of marriage, education, and wealth were also found to be important determinants.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abramsky, T., Watts, C. H., Garcia-Moreno, C., Devries, K., Kiss, L., Ellsberg, M., Jansen, H., & Heise, L. (2011). What factors are associated with recent intimate partner violence? Findings from the WHO multi-country study on womenās health and domestic violence. BioMed Central Public Health, 11, 109.
Al-Gazali, L. I., Bener, A., Abdulrazzaq, Y. M., Micallef, R., al-Khayat, A. I., & Gaber, T. (1997). Consanguineous marriages in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Biosocial Science, 29(4), 491ā497.
Al-Salem, M., & Rawashdeh, N. (1993). Consanguinity in north Jordan: Prevalence and pattern. Journal of Biosocial Science, 25(4), 553ā556.
Assaf, S., & Khawaja, M. (2009). Consanguinity trends and correlates in the Palestinian Territories. Journal of Biosocial Science, 41(1), 107ā124.
Barbour, B., & Salameh, P. (2009). Consanguinity in Lebanon: Prevalence, distribution and determinants. Journal of Biosocial Science, 41(4), 505ā517.
Bener, A., & Alali, K. A. (2006). Consanguineous marriage in a newly developed country: The Qatari population. Journal of Biosocial Science, 38(2), 239ā246.
Bener, A., Ayoubi, H. R., Ali, A. I., Al-Kubaisi, A., & Al-Sulaiti, H. (2010). Does consanguinity lead to decreased incidence of breast cancer? Cancer Epidemiology, 34(4), 413ā418.
Bener, A., El Ayoubi, H. R., Chouchane, L., Ali, A. I., Al-Kubaisi, A., Al-Sulaiti, H., et al. (2009). Impact of consanguinity on cancer in a highly endogamous population. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 10(1), 35ā40.
Bittles, A. H. (2008). A community genetics perspective on consanguineous marriage. Community Genetics, 11(6), 324ā330.
Bittles, A. H., & Black, M. L. (2010). Evolution in health and medicine Sackler colloquium: Consanguinity, human evolution, and complex diseases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(Suppl 1), 1779ā1786.
Bras, H., Van Poppel, F., & Mandemakers, K. (2009). Relatives as spouses: Preferences and opportunities for kin marriage in a Western society. American Journal of Human Biology, 21(6), 793ā804.
Clark, C. J., Hill, A., Jabbar, K., & Silverman, J. G. (2009). Violence during pregnancy in Jordan: Its prevalence and associated risk and protective factors. Violence Against Women, 15(6), 720ā735.
Denic, S., Bener, A., Sabri, S., Khatib, F., & Milenkovic, J. (2005). Parental consanguinity and risk of breast cancer: A population-based case-control study. Medical Science Monitor, 11(9), CR415āCR419.
Department of Statistics [Jordan] and Macro International Inc. (2008). Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 2007. Calverton, MD: Department of Statistics and Macro International Inc.
El-Hazmi, M. A., al-Swailem, A. R., Warsy, A. S., al-Swailem, A. M., Sulaimani, R., & al-Meshari, A. A. (1995). Consanguinity among the Saudi Arabian population. Journal of Medical Genetics, 32(8), 623ā626.
El-Mouzan, M. I., Al-Salloum, A. A., Al-Herbish, A. S., Qurachi, M. M., & Al-Omar, A. A. (2007). Regional variations in the prevalence of consanguinity in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal, 28(12), 1881ā1884.
El-Zanaty, F., & Way, A. (2006). Egypt demographic and health survey 2005. Cairo: Ministry of Health and Population [Egypt], National Population Council, El-Zanaty and Associates, and ORC Macro.
Faramarzi, M., Esmailzadeh, S., & Mosavi, S. (2005). Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence in Babol City, Islamic Republic of Iran. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 11(5ā6), 870ā879.
Fikree, F. F., Jafarey, S. N., Korejo, R., Afshan, A., & Durocher, J. M. (2006). Intimate partner violence before and during pregnancy: Experiences of postpartum women in Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 56(6), 252ā557.
Freire-Maia, N. (1968). Inbreeding levels in American and Canadian populations: A comparison with Latin America. Eugenics Quarterly, 15(1), 22ā33.
Garcia-Moreno, C., Jansen, H. A., Ellsberg, M., Heise, L., & Watts, C. H. (2006). Prevalence of intimate partner violence: Findings from the WHO multi-country study on womenās health and domestic violence. Lancet, 368, 1260ā1269.
Gunaid, A. A., Hummad, N. A., & Tamim, K. A. (2004). Consanguineous marriage in the capital city Sanaāa, Yemen. Journal of Biosocial Science, 36(1), 111ā121.
Hafez, M., El-Tahan, H., Awadalla, M., El-Khayat, H., Abdel-Gafar, A., & Ghoneim, M. (1983). Consanguineous matings in the Egyptian population. Journal of Medical Genetics, 20(1), 58ā60.
Hamamy, H., Antonarakis, S. E., Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., Temtamy, S., Romeo, G., Kate, L. P., et al. (2011). Consanguineous marriages, pearls and perils: Geneva International Consanguinity Workshop Report. Genetics in Medicine, 13(9), 841ā847.
Hamamy, H., Jamhawi, L., Al-Darawsheh, J., & Ajlouni, K. (2005). Consanguineous marriages in Jordan: Why is the rate changing with time? Clinical Genetics, 67(6), 511ā516.
Hamzeh, B., Farshi, M. G., & Laflamme, L. (2008). Opinions of married women about potential causes and triggers of intimate partner violence against women. A cross-sectional investigation in an Iranian city. BioMed Central Public Health, 8, 209.
Jaber, L., Halpern, G. J., & Shohat, T. (2000). Trends in the frequencies of consanguineous marriages in the Israeli Arab community. Clinical Genetics, 58(2), 106ā110.
Jurdi, R., & Saxena, P. C. (2003). The prevalence and correlates of consanguineous marriages in Yemen: Similarities and contrasts with other Arab countries. Journal of Biosocial Science, 35(1), 1ā13.
Kanaan, Z. M., Mahfouz, R., & Tamim, H. (2008). The prevalence of consanguineous marriages in an underserved area in Lebanon and its association with congenital anomalies. Genetic Testing, 12(3), 367ā372.
Keenan, C. K., El-Hadad, A., & Balian, S. A. (1998). Factors associated with domestic violence in low-income Lebanese families. The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 30(4), 357ā362.
Khawaja, M., & Hammoury, N. (2008). Coerced sexual intercourse within marriage: A clinic-based study of pregnant Palestinian refugees in Lebanon. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, 53(2), 150ā154.
Khlat, M. (1988). Consanguineous marriages in Beirut: Time trends, spatial distribution. Social Biology, 35(3ā4), 324ā330.
Khoury, S. A., & Massad, D. (1992). Consanguineous marriage in Jordan. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 43(5), 769ā775.
Koenig, M. A., Ahmed, S., Hossain, M. B., & Mozumder, K. A. A. B. (2003). Womenās status and domestic violence in rural Bangladesh: Individual-and community level effects. Demography, 40(2), 269ā288.
Kramer, A., Lorenzon, D., & Mueller, G. (2004). Prevalence of intimate partner violence and health implications for women using emergency departments and primary care clinics. Women's Health Issues, 14(1), 19ā29.
Laanpere, M., Ringmets, I., Part, K., & Karro, H. (2012). Intimate partner violence and sexual health outcomes: A population-based study among 16-44 year old women in Estonia. European Journal of Public Health, 23(4), 688ā693.
Mamdouh, H. M., Ismail, H. M., Kharboush, I. F., Tawfik, M. M., El Sharkawy, O. G., Abdel-Baky, M., et al. (2012). Prevalence and risk factors for spousal violence among women attending health care centres in Alexandria, Egypt. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 18(11), 1118ā1126.
Maziak, W., & Asfar, T. (2003). Physical abuse in low-income women in Aleppo, Syria. Health Care Women International, 24(4), 313ā326.
Mazza, D., Dennenrstein, L., & Ryan, V. (1996). Physical, sexual and emotional violence against women: A general practice-based prevalence study. Medical Journal of Australia, 164(1), 14ā17.
Mozdeh, N. L. A., Ghazinour, M., Nojomi, M., & Richter, J. (2012). The buffering effect of social support between domestic violence and self-esteem in pregnant women in Teheran, Iran. Journal of Family Violence, 27, 225ā231.
Othman, H., & Saadat, M. (2009). Prevalence of consanguineous marriages in Syria. Journal of Biosocial Science, 41(5), 685ā692.
Pedersen, J. (2002). The influence of consanguineous marriage on infant and child mortality among Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. Community Genetics, 5(3), 178ā181.
Radovanovic, Z., Shah, N., & Behbehani, J. (1999). Prevalence and social correlates to consanguinity in Kuwait. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 19(3), 206ā210.
Rao, V. (1997). Wife-beating in rural south India: A qualitative and econometric analysis. Social Science and Medicine, 44, 1169ā1180.
Saadat, M., & Vakili-Ghartavol, R. (2010). Parental consanguinity and susceptibility to drug abuse among offspring, a case-control study. Psychiatry Research, 180(1), 57ā59.
Sharkia, R., Zaid, M., Athamna, A., Cohen, D., Azem, A., & Zalan, A. (2008). The changing pattern of consanguinity in a selected region of the Israeli Arab community. American Journal of Human Biology, 20(1), 72ā77.
Stoltenberg, C., Magnus, P., Lie, R. T., Daltveit, A. K., & Irgens, L. M. (1998). Influence of consanguinity and maternal education on risk of stillbirth and infant death in Norway, 1967ā1993. American Journal of Epidemiology, 148(5), 452ā459.
Straus, M. A., Hamby, S. L., Buncy-McCoy, S., & Sugarman, D. B. (1996). The revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2): Development and preliminary psychometric data. Journal of Family Issues, 17(3), 283ā316.
Tadmouri, G. O., Nair, P., Obeid, T., Al Ali, M. T., Al Khaja, N., & Hamamy, H. A. (2009). Consanguinity and reproductive health among Arabs. Reproductive Health, 6, 17. doi:10.1186/1742-4755-6-17.
Tashkandi, A. A. W., & Rasheed, P. (2010). Physical wife abuse: A study among Saudi women attending primary health care centers. Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society, 22(1), 23ā30.
Usta, J., Farver, J. A., & Pashayan, N. (2007). Domestic violence: The Lebanese experience. Public Health, 121, 208ā219.
Vakili, M., Nadrian, H., Fathipoor, M., Boniadi, F., & Morowatisharifabad, M. A. (2010). Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence against women in Kazeroon, Islamic Republic of Iran. Violence and Victims, 25(1), 116ā127.
Vardi-Saliternik, R., Friedlander, Y., & Cohen, T. (2002). Consanguinity in a population sample of Israeli Muslim Arabs, Christian Arabs and Druze. Annals of Human Biology, 29(4), 422ā431.
Worden, A., & Carlson, B. (2005). Attitudes and beliefs about domestic violence: Results of a public opinion survey: II. Beliefs about causes. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(10), 1219ā1243.
Xu, X., Zhu, F., OāCampo, P., Koenig, M. A., Mock, V., & Campbell, J. (2005). Prevalence and risk factors for intimate partner violence in China. American Journal of Public Health, 95(1), 78ā85.
Yount, K. M. (2005). Resources, family organization, and domestic violence against married women in Minya, Egypt. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(3), 579ā596.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
Ā© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Usta, J., Khawaja, M., Dandachi, D., Tewtel, M. (2015). Consanguineous Marriage: Protective or Risk Factor for Intimate Partner Violence?. In: Djamba, Y., Kimuna, S. (eds) Gender-Based Violence. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16670-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16670-4_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-16669-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-16670-4
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)