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Acoustic Communication

  • Chapter
Springer Handbook of Ocean Engineering

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss acoustic communication methods which are used to provide wireless connection between remote nodes operating in an underwater environment. We begin with an introductory overview of the history of acoustic communication, and an outline of current and emerging applications. We then provide a summary of communication channel characteristics, with an eye towards acoustic propagation mechanisms and the ways in which they differ from radio propagation. The main focus of our treatment is on two major aspects of communication system design: the physical link and the networking functions. On the physical link level, we discuss noncoherent and coherent modulation/detection methods, paying attention to both single-carrier modulation and multicarrier broadband techniques. Specifically, we discuss signal processing methods for synchronization, equalization, and multichannel (transmit and receive) combining. On the networking level, we discuss protocols for channel sharing using both deterministic division of resources (frequency, time, and code-division multiple access) and random access, and we also overview recent results on routing for peer-to-peer acoustic networks. We conclude with an outline of topics for future research.

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Abbreviations

AM:

analog modulation

ARQ:

automatic repeat request

AUV:

autonomous underwater vehicle

BCH:

Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem

CCL:

compact control language

CDMA:

code-division multiple access

CSMA:

carrier sensing multiple access

CTS:

clear-to-send

DAB:

digital audio broadcast

DATS:

digital acoustic telemetry system

DFE:

decision-feedback equalizer

DS-SS:

direct-sequence spread-spectrum

DTN:

delay-tolerant network

DVB:

digital video broadcast

FDMA:

frequency-division multiple access

FEC:

forward error coding

FFT:

fast Fourier transform

FSK:

frequency shift keying

ICI:

inter-carrier interference

ISI:

inter-symbol interference

LDPC:

low-density parity-check

LPD:

low probability of detection

MACA:

multiple-access collision avoidance

MAC:

medium access control

MIMO:

multi-input multi-output

MSE:

mean squared error

OFDM:

orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

PDF:

probability density function

PLL:

phase-locked loop

PPP:

point-to-point protocol

PSD:

power spectral density

PSK:

phase shift keying

QAM:

quadrature amplitude modulation

QPSK:

quadrature amplitude modulation

RLS:

recursive least square

ROV:

remotely operated vehicle

RS:

Reed–Solomon

RTS:

request-to-send

SNR:

signal-to-noise ratio

TDD:

time division duplexing

TDMA:

time division multiple access

UUV:

unmanned underwater vehicle

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ECE Department, Northeastern University, MA 02115, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Milica Stojanovic

  2. Dep. Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, FL 33431, Boca Raton, Florida, USA

    Pierre-Philippe J. Beaujean

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  1. Milica Stojanovic
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  2. Pierre-Philippe J. Beaujean
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Correspondence to Milica Stojanovic .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Inst. for Ocean and Systems Engineering – SeaTech, Florida Atlantic University, 101 North Beach Road, FL 33004, Dania Beach, Florida, USA

    Manhar R. Dhanak

  2. School of Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, LA 70148, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    Nikolaos I. Xiros

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Stojanovic, M., Beaujean, PP.J. (2016). Acoustic Communication. In: Dhanak, M.R., Xiros, N.I. (eds) Springer Handbook of Ocean Engineering. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16649-0_15

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