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PIPJ Interpositional Arthroplasty

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Hammertoes

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Abstract

Hammertoe deformity can be classified in numerous ways, depending on the etiology, flexibility, and direction of deformity. Hammertoes may be flexible, semirigid, or rigid depending on whether it is reducible or not. The position may be adducted or abducted, varus or valgus, over- or underlapped with adjacent toes, and flexed to various degrees [1–4]. Although rare, hammertoes can be congenital [5]. More commonly, hammertoes are acquired as a result of imbalances from intrinsic and/or extrinsic muscles influencing the metatarsal phalangeal and interphalangeal joints.

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References

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Podiatric Surgery, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Adam Landsman

  2. Harvard University, School of Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Adam Landsman

Authors
  1. Adam Landsman
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Correspondence to Adam Landsman .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Harvard Medical School, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Emily A. Cook

  2. Harvard Medical School, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Jeremy J. Cook

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Landsman, A. (2019). PIPJ Interpositional Arthroplasty. In: Cook, E., Cook, J. (eds) Hammertoes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16552-3_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16552-3_5

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-16551-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-16552-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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