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Stem Cell Biology in Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System pp 49–68Cite as

The Role of Stem Cells in Pediatric Central Nervous System Malignancies

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 853))

Abstract

Representing the leading cause of childhood cancer mortality, pediatric brain tumors are comprised of diverse histological features, genetic perturbations, cellular populations, treatment protocols, and clinical outcomes. In this chapter we discuss recent and emerging data that implicate cancer stem cells (also known as brain tumor-initiating cells) in initiating and maintaining the growth of a number of pediatric brain tumors including: medulloblastoma, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, ependymoma, low-grade glioma, glioblastoma, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, germ cell tumor, and craniopharyngioma. The development of a stem cell framework for the study and treatment of these tumors will enable future clinical approaches to harness the heterogeneous cellular and genomic landscape of these solid tumors as an avenue for developing targeted patient-oriented therapies, thereby improving the overall survivorship for the most lethal childhood cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1

    Branavan Manoranjan, Neha Garg, David Bakhshinyan & Sheila K. Singh M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.S(C).

  2. Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8N 3Z5

    Branavan Manoranjan & Sheila K. Singh M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.S(C).

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8N 3Z5

    Branavan Manoranjan, David Bakhshinyan & Sheila K. Singh M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.S(C).

  4. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8N 3Z5

    Sheila K. Singh M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.S(C).

Authors
  1. Branavan Manoranjan
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  2. Neha Garg
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  3. David Bakhshinyan
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  4. Sheila K. Singh M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.S(C).
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Correspondence to Sheila K. Singh M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.S(C). .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

    Moneeb Ehtesham

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Manoranjan, B., Garg, N., Bakhshinyan, D., Singh, S.K. (2015). The Role of Stem Cells in Pediatric Central Nervous System Malignancies. In: Ehtesham, M. (eds) Stem Cell Biology in Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 853. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16537-0_4

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