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Discordant Cellular and Organ Xenotransplantation—From Bench to Bedside

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Organ Transplantation in Times of Donor Shortage

Part of the book series: International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine ((LIME,volume 59))

Abstract

Human allotransplantation has been very successful over the past six decades. Heart and kidney transplantations remain the therapy of choice for end-stage organ failure. Although surgical competence is available in many medical centres around the world, the demand for organs far exceeds the supply from human donors. The consequences for patients waiting for transplants are severe, as can be seen by the following two examples. In Germany, the annual mortality for waiting heart transplant candidates is 18 %. The average waiting time for a cadaveric kidney is five years, which significantly reduces the prospects for patients eventually receiving a donated kidney, because graft survival drops substantially after extended dialysis .

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Rahmel (2013).

  2. 2.

    Meier-Kriesche and Kaplan (2002).

  3. 3.

    Reichenspurner et al. (1989).

  4. 4.

    Cozzi et al. (2009).

  5. 5.

    Nagata et al. (2007).

  6. 6.

    Leveque et al. (2011).

  7. 7.

    Hara and Cooper (2011).

  8. 8.

    Hossain et al. (2007).

  9. 9.

    Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry (2013).

  10. 10.

    Cardona et al. (2006); Hering et al. (2006).

  11. 11.

    Sun et al. (1996); Dufrane et al. (2010).

  12. 12.

    van der Windt et al. (2009).

  13. 13.

    Kouchoukos et al. (2012).

  14. 14.

    Kasimir et al. (2006).

  15. 15.

    Mueller et al. (2011); Scobie and Takeuchi (2009).

  16. 16.

    Le Tissier et al. (1997).

  17. 17.

    Klymiuk et al. (2002); Oldmixon et al. (2002).

  18. 18.

    Bartosch et al. (2004).

  19. 19.

    Garkavenko et al. (2008a, b); Wynyard et al. (2014).

  20. 20.

    Denner et al. (2009); WHO summaries (2008, 2011); Fishmann et al. (2011).

  21. 21.

    Galili (2013).

  22. 22.

    Phelps et al. (2003).

  23. 23.

    Ekser et al. (2011).

  24. 24.

    Yamada et al. (2005).

  25. 25.

    Kuwaki et al. (2005); Mohiuddin et al. (2014, and personal communication 2015).

  26. 26.

    Ezzelarab et al. (2009); Shimizu et al. (2008).

  27. 27.

    Byrne et al. (2011); Diswall et al. (2010).

  28. 28.

    Pierson et al (2009), Ekser et al. (2011).

  29. 29.

    Petersen et al. (2011).

  30. 30.

    Cowan et al. (2009); Pierson et al (2009).

  31. 31.

    Roussel et al. (2008).

  32. 32.

    Peterson et al. (2009); Wünsch et al. (2014).

  33. 33.

    Palumbo and Anderson (2011).

  34. 34.

    Heinzelmann et al. (2008).

  35. 35.

    Hering et al. (2006); Kenyon et al. (1999); Corcoran et al. (2010).

  36. 36.

    Klymiuk et al. (2012).

  37. 37.

    Ekser et al. (2012).

  38. 38.

    Dufrane et al. (2010).

  39. 39.

    Van der Windt et al. (2009).

  40. 40.

    Mohiuddin et al. (2012, 2014, and personal communication)

  41. 41.

    Bauer et al. (2010); McGregor et al. (2009).

  42. 42.

    Badin et al. (2010); Choi et al. (2011).

  43. 43.

    Baldan et al. (2004).

  44. 44.

    Ramirez et al. (2000); Cantu et al. (2007).

  45. 45.

    Calafiore et al. (2004).

  46. 46.

    Elliot et al. (2011, and personal communication).

  47. 47.

    Wynyard et al. (2014).

  48. 48.

    Ludwig et al. (2012), Ludwig et al. (2013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany

    Bruno Reichart, Sonja Guethoff & Tanja Mayr

  2. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany

    Stefan Buchholz & Paolo Brenner

  3. Department of Anaesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany

    Jan-Michael Abicht

  4. Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany

    Alexander J. Kind

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  1. Bruno Reichart
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  2. Sonja Guethoff
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Correspondence to Bruno Reichart .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Ethics, History and Theory of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

    Ralf J. Jox

  2. Institute of Ethics, History and Theory of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

    Galia Assadi

  3. Institute of Ethics, History and Theory of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

    Georg Marckmann

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Reichart, B. et al. (2016). Discordant Cellular and Organ Xenotransplantation—From Bench to Bedside. In: Jox, R., Assadi, G., Marckmann, G. (eds) Organ Transplantation in Times of Donor Shortage. International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine, vol 59. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16441-0_19

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