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From the BCFN’s Double Pyramid to Virtual Water in the Production of Pasta Barilla

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Abstract

We realize that water is a resource only when it becomes scarce. Until now, the issue seemed to interest only the least fortunate countries in the world, but this could all change: firstly because “high-quality” water—non-polluted freshwater—represents only a small part of the planet’s reserves and secondly because of the increasing demand for water due to both the growing world population and more widespread wealth, which spurs more people in more countries to use (and waste) more water. Water use should be considered in both “real” terms (calculating the amount of water used for bathing, cooking, cleaning, etc.) and “virtual” terms (i.e., water footprint), estimating the total amount of water used in the entire life cycle of any product of service.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Allan J.A. (2003), “Virtual water eliminates water wars? A case study from the Middle East”, in Hoekstra A.Y. (editor), Virtual water trade, Delft, UNESCO-IHE, pp. 137–145. Allan J.A. (2011), “Virtual Water: Tackling the threat to our planet’s more precious resource”. London, New York: I.B Tauris.

  2. 2.

    Molden D. (2007), Water for Food, Water for Life: A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture, Earthscan.

  3. 3.

    Zimmer D. and Renault D. (2003), “Virtual Water in Food Production and Global Trade: Review of Methodological Issues and Preliminary Results”, Hoekstra A.Y. (editor), Virtual Water Trade: Proceedings of the International Expert Meeting on Virtual Water Trade, Value of Water Research Report Series n. 12, Delft, UNESCO-IHE, Institute for Water Education.

  4. 4.

    Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition (2011), Water Economy, available to view or download from Freebook Ambiente (freebook.edizioniambiente.it/libro/55/Water_Economy), Chap. 4.1 (in Italian).

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Correspondence to Luca Ruini .

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Ruini, L., Campra, L., Pratesi, C.A., Principato, L., Marino, M., Pignatelli, S. (2015). From the BCFN’s Double Pyramid to Virtual Water in the Production of Pasta Barilla. In: Antonelli, M., Greco, F. (eds) The Water We Eat. Springer Water. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16393-2_15

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