Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) is a definitive characteristic of diseases associated with physiological and pathobiological changes that present themselves in the lung vasculature(s). The primary diseases associated with PVR are pulmonary edema and pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is a prevalent disease of many etiologies. The lymphatic system is important in maintaining tissue homeostasis and its vasculature provides a means of interface between the immune cells and the external lung environment. The discussion of PVR leads into proximal and distal vessel remodeling in a miscellany of disease contexts. Along with an in-depth look into the topics outlined above, the chapter further provides insight into fibrocytes: their history, phenotypic description, their functional role in inflammation, and differentiation. We conclude the chapter by posing an important question: “Fibrocytes, a bone-marrow derived cell population, are they stem cells, or progenitor cells?” and provide evidence for and against whether fibrocytes modulate and contribute to PVR.
Keywords
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Abbreviations
- BALT:
-
Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue
- CD11b:
-
Cluster of differentiation factor 11b (aka integrin alpha M (ITGAM))
- CD45:
-
Cluster of differentiation factor 45 (aka protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C (PTPRC))
- COPD:
-
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- ECM:
-
Extracellular matrix
- EGPA:
-
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
- FEV1:
-
Forced expiratory volume exhaled in 1 s
- HLA-DR:
-
Human leukocyte antigen-DR (MHC class II cell surface receptor)
- ICAM-1:
-
Intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (aka CD54)
- IL:
-
Interleukin
- IPAH:
-
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
- IPF:
-
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- MHC:
-
Major histocompatibility complex
- MMP:
-
Matrix metalloprotease
- PA:
-
Pulmonary artery
- PAH:
-
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PBMC:
-
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PG:
-
Proteoglycan
- PH:
-
Pulmonary hypertension
- PVR:
-
Pulmonary vascular remodeling
- RFP:
-
Red fluorescent protein
- SAP:
-
Serum amyloid P
- SMA:
-
Smooth muscle actin
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Colvin, K.L., Lohani, O., Yeager, M.E. (2015). Fibrocytes and Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling: The Good, the Bad, and the Progenitors. In: Firth, A., Yuan, JJ. (eds) Lung Stem Cells in the Epithelium and Vasculature. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16232-4_14
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