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Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling by Resident Lung Stem and Progenitor Cells

  • Chapter
Lung Stem Cells in the Epithelium and Vasculature

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

Tissue-resident stem and progenitor cells are important regulators of tissue homeostasis, repair or regeneration as well as remodeling. While resident vascular stem and progenitor cells have been less well-defined than their epithelial counterparts, these cells may be categorized by their anatomic localization within the pulmonary vascular tree. However, the exact niche of such cells is unclear in the lung and these cells are further obscured by a lack of specific markers that can be used in lineage tracing analyses. The lack of a clear definition of vascular stem and progenitor cells has impeded the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at stimulating these cell populations to promote repair and reversing their contribution to remodeling during disease. Here we focus on describing the sources of stem and precursor cells within the pulmonary vascular tree in the context of their potential roles in vascular remodeling and pathogenic processes.

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Abbreviations

ABCG2:

ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2

BAL:

Bronchiolar lavage

BM-MSC:

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

BMP4:

Bone morphogenic protein 4

BPD:

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

CD31:

Cluster of differentiation molecule 31, also known as PECAM

CD45:

Cluster of differentiation molecule 45, also known as leukocyte common antigen

COPD:

Chronic obstructive lung disease

CVC:

Calcifying vascular cells

EC:

Endothelial cell

EndMT:

Endothelial-mesenchymal transition

EPC:

Endothelial progenitor cells

Fb:

Fibroblast

FGF (R):

Fibroblast growth factor (receptor)

FLK1:

Fetal liver kinase 1, also known as CD309, KDR, and VEGFR2

FOXF1:

Forkhead box protein F1

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

hESC:

Human embryonic stem cell

HOXB5/N5:

Homeobox protein Hox-B5/N5

ILD:

Interstitial lung diseases

IPF:

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

LAM:

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

MEF2D:

Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

MyoFb:

Myofibroblast

PAH:

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

PDGF (R):

Platelet-derived growth factor (receptor)

PH:

Pulmonary hypertension

RGS5:

Regulator of G-protein signaling 5

Shh:

Sonic hedgehog

SMC:

Smooth muscle cell

TGFβ:

Transforming growth factor beta

Thy1:

Thymocyte antigen 1, also known as CD90

VAFs:

Vascular adventitial fibroblasts

VeCad:

Vascular endothelial cadherin

VSMC:

Vascular smooth muscle cell

WT1:

Wilms’ tumor protein

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Acknowledgment

This work was funded by grants to S.M. Majka from the NIH NHLBI R01HL091105 and R01HL11659701.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, P475 MRBIV/Langford, 2213 Garland Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA

    Rubin Baskir & Susan Majka Ph.D.

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  1. Rubin Baskir
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  2. Susan Majka Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Susan Majka Ph.D. .

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  1. Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA

    Amy Firth

  2. Department of Medicine, The Univsersity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA

    Jason X.-J. Yuan

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Baskir, R., Majka, S. (2015). Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling by Resident Lung Stem and Progenitor Cells. In: Firth, A., Yuan, JJ. (eds) Lung Stem Cells in the Epithelium and Vasculature. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16232-4_12

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