Abstract
Figures 3.1 and 3.2 illustrate the surface anatomy of the glenohumeral joint of the shoulder. The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint whose structure allows for an impressive range of motion (ROM) but at a cost. Unlike the very stable hip joint, which has a deep socket, the glenoid fossa is relatively shallow, and the humeral head is oversized with respect to the fossa. The labrum, a rim of cartilage around the glenoid fossa, helps increase the depth and stability of the shoulder joint, but the other soft tissues of the shoulder provide most of the joint’s stability. In order for proper functioning to occur, all these tissues (muscles, tendons, ligaments, and the labrum) must be functioning at proper tension. Disruption in any one of these can lead to dysfunctional shoulder motion and subsequent problems.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Cailliet R. Medical orthopedics conservative management of musculoskeletal impairments. Chicago: AMA Press; 2004. p. 77–99.
Thompson JC. Netter’s concise atlas of orthopaedic anatomy. San Diego: ICON; 2001. p. 9–25.
Bigliani LU. Unstable shoulder, AAOS monograph series. Rosemont: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1996. p. 1–45.
McGee S. Evidence based clinical diagnosis. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Saunders; 2007. p. 623–38.
Hermans J, Luime JJ, Meuffels DE, Reijman M, Simel DL, Bierma-Zeinstra SM. Does the patient with shoulder pain have rotator cuff disease? The rational clinical examination systematic review. JAMA. 2013;310(8):837–47.
Hegedus EJ, Goode AP, Cook CE, et al. Which physical examination tests provide clinicians with the most value when examining the shoulder? Update of a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual tests. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46:964–78.
Hegedus EJ, Good AP, Campbell S, Morin A, Tamaddoni M, Moorman III CT, Cook C. Physical examination tests of the shoulder: a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual tests. Br J Sports Med. 2008;42:80–92.
The MOON Shoulder Group, Unruh KP, Kuhn JE, et al. The duration of symptoms does not correlate with rotator cuff tear severity or other patient-related features: a cross-sectional study of patients with atraumatic, full-thickness rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014;23(7):1052–8. Pii: S1058-2746(13)00527-2.
Burbank KM, Stevenson JH, Czarnecki GR, et al. Chronic shoulder pain: Part 1. Evaluation and diagnosis. AFP. 2008;77(4):453–60.
Iannotti JP. Rotator cuff disorders: evaluation and treatment monograph, AAOS monograph series. Rosemont: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1991. p. 2–38.
Biederwolf NE. A proposed evidence-based shoulder special testing examination algorithm: clinical utility based on a systematic review of the literature. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2013;8(4):427–40.
Zaslav KR. Internal rotation resistance strength test; a new diagnostic test to differentiate intra-articular pathology from outlet (Neer) impingement syndrome in the shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2001;1(10):23–7.
Miller M. Shoulder problems in athletes. Clin Sports Med. 2008;27(4):527–78.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Daniels, J.M. (2015). The Shoulder. In: Daniels, J. (eds) Common Musculoskeletal Problems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16157-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16157-0_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-16156-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-16157-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)