Abstract
Figures 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, and 10.4 illustrate the surface anatomy of the ankle joint. Osseous anatomy of the ankle includes the tibia which is the medial malleolus, the fibula which is the lateral malleolus, and the talus which articulates in the ankle mortise. The tibia sees 80 % of the weight-bearing stresses in the lower extremity. The syndesmosis is the articulation between the tibia and fibula at the ankle. It consists of four ligaments: the anterior tibiofibular, the posterior tibiofibular, the transverse, and the interosseous. The lateral ankle ligamentous support is provided by the anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, and posterior talofibular ligament. Medially there are the superficial and deep deltoid ligaments.
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Miller-Spears, E., Kleiber, B. (2015). The Ankle. In: Daniels, J. (eds) Common Musculoskeletal Problems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16157-0_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16157-0_10
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