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Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases

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Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Risk, Inflammation and Disease

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Abstract

Atherosclerosis occurs earlier and progresses more rapidly in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic disorders. Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of death in this context, and the relative risk for CV events is strikingly high, especially among young women. This excessive risk is not fully explained by traditional CV risk factors, and the disease itself is of paramount relevance. Systemic inflammation enhances atherogenesis throughout the whole process. Circulating inflammatory cytokines foster early vascular dysfunction as well as subclinical structural lesions, plaque rupture and thrombosis. Several biomarkers of atherosclerosis have been identified in rheumatic diseases. With few exceptions, their applicability in clinical practice is still marginal.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Avenida Prof. Torrado da Silva, 2801-951, Almada, Portugal

    Maria José Santos M.D., Ph.D. & Ana Cristina Cordeiro M.D.

  2. Department of Cardiology, Hospital dos Lusíadas, Lisbon, Portugal

    Victor M. Gil M.D., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Maria José Santos M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Ana Cristina Cordeiro M.D.
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  3. Victor M. Gil M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Maria José Santos M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra University, Coimbra, Portugal

    Filipe Palavra

  2. Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra University, Coimbra, Portugal

    Flávio Reis

  3. Department of Internal Medicine – B, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Daniela Marado

  4. Interdisciplinary Centre of Research Egas Moniz, CiiEM, Caparica, Portugal

    Armando Sena

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Santos, M.J., Cordeiro, A.C., Gil, V.M. (2015). Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases. In: Palavra, F., Reis, F., Marado, D., Sena, A. (eds) Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Risk, Inflammation and Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16018-4_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16018-4_6

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