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Cardiac Hypertrophy and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Introduction and Management

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Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapy of Cardiovascular Disease

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Abstract

The magnitude of hypertrophic response of the left ventricle to pressure overload is variable and likely is mediated by genetic factors as well as other identified mechanisms. Myocardial hypertrophy is a common phenotype of multiple cardiac disease entities. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) causes significant morbidity and mortality in adults. Increased pressure overload is a key stimulus for the development of LVH in hypertensive patients as well as in those with aortic valve stenosis through several molecular mechanisms. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is present in 1 in 500 people in the general population and is the most common genetically transmitted cardiomyopathy. HCM can be caused by more than 1,400 different mutations and is transmitted in an autosomal dominant pattern. Many individuals affected by HCM are undiagnosed, and most do not experience lethal events or symptoms. However, those who develop symptoms such as dyspnea, angina, and lightheadedness can experience functional disability secondary to heart failure and stroke as well as to sudden cardiac death (SCD). The majority of HCM patients are treated medically with the initial aim of reduction of symptoms along with reducing the risk for SCD. Therapy of patients with HCM can be classified into medical, interventional/device, and surgical treatments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Heart Institute Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Boulevard, Suite A3600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA

    Roy Beigel MD

  2. The Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel

    Roy Beigel MD

  3. The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Roy Beigel MD

  4. Cardiac Noninvasive Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Heart Institute Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 127 San Vincente Blvd. AHSP A9112, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA

    Robert J. Siegel MD, FACC

  5. Cardiac Non-Invasive Lab, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Hypertension Center of Excellence, The Heart Institute Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 127 San Vincente Blvd. AHSP A9112, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA

    Florian Rader MD, MSc

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  1. Roy Beigel MD
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  2. Robert J. Siegel MD, FACC
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  3. Florian Rader MD, MSc
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Correspondence to Robert J. Siegel MD, FACC .

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  1. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA

    Gowraganahalli Jagadeesh

  2. Pharmacology Unit, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia

    Pitchai Balakumar

  3. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA

    Khin Maung-U

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Beigel, R., Siegel, R.J., Rader, F. (2015). Cardiac Hypertrophy and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Introduction and Management. In: Jagadeesh, G., Balakumar, P., Maung-U, K. (eds) Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapy of Cardiovascular Disease. Adis, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15961-4_16

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