Abstract
• Mammography detects approximately one case of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) per 1,300 examinations. Currently DCIS represents about 20–30 % of all breast malignancies. • In ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), the risk of systemic disease is virtual, but the real risk is of local recurrence (both in situ and invasive), more frequently in the same breast. • In lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), the risk of systemic disease is virtual, but the real risk is the development of multiple invasive lobular BCs with the same occurrence in both breasts.
Future directions. DCIS is not a single disease but rather many distinct diseases with different histopathologic and molecular characteristics, a propensity to progress to invasive disease, and differential response to treatment. Advances in genomics and proteomics may provide improved understanding of the underlying biologic pathways of tumour progression and information to select the most targeted treatment approaches for the management of these lesions.
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Websites in Appendix: search DCIS and/or LCIS in Main Health Professional Websites, A-1.
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Sacchini, V.S., Anderson, D.N. (2015). Staging and Workup of the Noninvasive Breast Cancer. In: Pluchinotta, A. (eds) The Outpatient Breast Clinic. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15907-2_12
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