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Aqueous-Deficient Dry Eye Disease: Evaluation and Management

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Ocular Surface Disease

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Abstract

This opening chapter describes the evaluation and management of three patients with increasing severity of aqueous-deficient dry eye disease (AD-DED) (the management of meibomian gland disease, which frequently coexists with aqueous deficiency, is discussed in Chap. 2). The diagnosis and management of these three cases follows the Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) recommendation which is based on the severity levels (Table 1.1). In Case 1, with mild dry eye disease (severity level 1), the emphasis is on proper history and counseling with lifestyle modifications. Case 2, with more moderate disease (severity level 2), highlights the use of anti-inflammatory therapy and the option of punctal plugs. Case 3, with more severe disease (severity level 3), discusses the advanced treatment options including total punctal occlusion, serum tears, and scleral lenses.

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Acknowledgments

Financial Disclosures: None of the authors have any financial disclosures regarding the contents discussed in this manuscript. Conflict of Interest: None of the authors have any conflicts of interest with the contents discussed in this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA

    Benjamin Botsford BS & Samuel C. Yiu MD, PhD

  2. Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Smith Building, 6041, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA

    Farhan I. Merali MD, MBA & Samuel C. Yiu MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Benjamin Botsford BS
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  2. Farhan I. Merali MD, MBA
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  3. Samuel C. Yiu MD, PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Samuel C. Yiu MD, PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cornea Service, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Ali R. Djalilian

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Botsford, B., Merali, F.I., Yiu, S.C. (2018). Aqueous-Deficient Dry Eye Disease: Evaluation and Management. In: Djalilian, A. (eds) Ocular Surface Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15823-5_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15823-5_1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-15822-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-15823-5

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