Abstract
Irrigations are sterile solutions that are used in many ways, such as flushing a catheter, the bladder, the urethra, wounds, body cavities, and the operation area or for drenching a bandage.
A special form of irrigations are solutions for dialysis that are necessary for the different types of dialysis such as haemodialysis, haemo(dia)filtration and peritoneal dialysis.
Because irrigations are used in or on body areas that are usually sterile or have a low degree of contamination, there are strict requirements for their production and quality control. In this chapter the use, the design of formulation and preparation method as well as the on site preparation of irrigations will be discussed. With regard to solutions for various types of dialysis, the use of concentrates, the water quality and the requirements for bacterial endotoxins are fully discussed.
Irrigations have various uses, and therefore various users. Not only the one who prepares and dispenses them should know their purpose, but also the patient or the professional caregiver. Solutions for the different types of dialysis form a separate category. Surveillance and monitoring of the whole process, but especially the quality management of the installation for the production of water for the dilution of concentrated solutions, are often more difficult than the preparation of the concentrates themselves.
Based upon the chapter Spoel- en dialysevloeistoffen by Suzy Dreijer and Roel Bouwman in the 2009 edition of Recepteerkunde.
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Touw, D., Mučicová, O. (2015). Irrigations and Dialysis Solutions. In: Bouwman-Boer, Y., Fenton-May, V., Le Brun, P. (eds) Practical Pharmaceutics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15814-3_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15814-3_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
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