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Trade Policy between Law, Diplomacy and Scholarship pp 365–376Cite as

Modernising the EU’s Trade Defence Instruments: Mission Impossible?

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Part of the book series: European Yearbook of International Economic Law ((Spec. Issue))

Abstract

Hoffmeister reviews the latest attempt to modernise the EU's Trade Defence instruments. The Commission proposal of April 2013 sought to increase transparency and predictability and to strengthen the fight against retaliation. Moreover, it was proposed to make the system more effective by derogating from the lesser duty rule in anti-subsidy cases and in anti-dumping cases involving structural raw material distortions. Finally, the Commission suggested optimising review practice and codifying some ECJ and WTO rulings. The author then analyses the positions taken in the European Parliament and the Council and comes to the conclusion that the chances of reform are slim but still alive.

The views expressed in this article are personal and cannot be attributed to the European Commission.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Lambsdorff (2012), p. 23.

  2. 2.

    Cf. Herrmann and Michl (2008), p. 81 and Hoffmeister (2013), pp. 385–401.

  3. 3.

    On DCFTAs, see Hoffmeister (2014), p. 15.

  4. 4.

    Commission Communication, Global Europe—Europe’s Trade Defence Instruments in a Changing Global Economy, COM (2006) 763 final of 6 December 2006.

  5. 5.

    For an excellent analysis of the Green Paper process and the reasons for its failure, see De Bièvre and Eckard (2011), p. 339.

  6. 6.

    Tietje (2009), pp. 33 (43) observed an “increasing politicisation” of TDI proceedings around the time when the Green paper was issued.

  7. 7.

    European Commission, Notice of Expiry of Certain Anti-Dumping Measures, [2012] OJ C 382/12.

  8. 8.

    Commission Regulation (EU) No 513/2013 of 4 June 2013, [2013] OJ L 152/ 5.

  9. 9.

    Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1238/2013 of 2 December 2013, [2013] OJ L 325/ 1.

  10. 10.

    The term “Basic Regulation” refers to Council Regulation (EC) No 1225/2009 of 30 November 2009, [2009] OJ L 343/51.

  11. 11.

    Commission Regulation (EU) No 1072/2012 of 14 November 2012, [2012] OJ L 318/28 (52), Recitals 218–226.

  12. 12.

    Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 412/2013 of 13 May 2013, [2013] OJ L 131/1.

  13. 13.

    Commission Decision 2013/81 (EU) of 13 February 2013, [2013] OJ L 43/38.

  14. 14.

    Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 452/2011 of 6 May 2011, [2011] OJ L 128/18.

  15. 15.

    Commission Regulation (EU) No 157/2013 of 18 February 2013, [2013] OJ L 49/10.

  16. 16.

    See http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/degucht/contact/hearing-officer.

  17. 17.

    Commission Communication, Modernisation of Trade Defence Instruments: Adapting Trade Defence Instruments to the Current Needs of the European Economy, COM(2013) 191 final.

  18. 18.

    COM(2013) 192 final. The term “Basic Regulations” refers to the above defined Basic Regulation, Council Regulation (EC) No. 1225/2009 on protection against dumped imports from countries not members of the European Community, and also Council Regulation (EC) No 597/2009 on protection against subsidised imports from countries not members of the European Community. Though adopted in 2009 in a codification exercise, their substance dates back to 1995 to implement the results of the WTO Uruguay Round.

  19. 19.

    Available at http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/cfm/doclib_section.cfm?sec=107.

  20. 20.

    COM(2013) 191 final, p. 2.

  21. 21.

    The first draft of De Gucht’s proposal had foreseen a 3-week shipping clause. The College of Commissioner’s shortened the period to 2 weeks.

  22. 22.

    Article 5(6) of the Basic Regulation.

  23. 23.

    Article 9(4) 4th sentence of the Basic Regulation. Cf. Müller et al. (2009), para. 14.03.

  24. 24.

    Article 11(2) subpara. 1, last sentence of the Basic Regulation.

  25. 25.

    Working Document of 29 October 2013 on the Commission proposal, PE 522.838v01-00, available at http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/inta/dv/1008119_/1008119_en.pdf.

  26. 26.

    Draft Report on the Commission proposal, PE 2013/0103(COD) of 11.11.2013, available at http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+COMPARL+PE-522.895+01+DOC+PDF+V0//EN&language=EN.

  27. 27.

    Decision of the President of the European Commission of 29 February 2012 on the function and terms of reference of the hearing officer in certain trade proceedings, [2012] OJ L 107/5.

  28. 28.

    Commission Press Release, IP/14/339 of 27 March 2014, available at http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-14-339_en.htm?locale=en.

  29. 29.

    Commission Press Release, IP/14/1182 of 20 October 2014, available at http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-14-1182_en.htm?locale=en.

  30. 30.

    Commission Regulation (EU) No 513/2013 of 4 June 2013, [2013] OJ L 152/5, Recitals 257–259.

  31. 31.

    Council Regulation (EC) No 1472/2006 of 5 October 2006 (Footwear—China and Vietnam), [2006] OJ L 275/1, Recital 326; Council Regulation (EC) No 261/2008 of 17 March 2008 (certain compressors—China), [2008] OJ L 181/1, Recital 143.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. European Commission, CHAR 4/130, Rue de la Loi 200, 1049, Brussels, Belgium

    Frank Hoffmeister

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  1. Frank Hoffmeister
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Correspondence to Frank Hoffmeister .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Passau, Passau, Germany

    Christoph Herrmann

  2. Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, The Hague, The Netherlands

    Bruno Simma

  3. Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany

    Rudolf Streinz

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Hoffmeister, F. (2015). Modernising the EU’s Trade Defence Instruments: Mission Impossible?. In: Herrmann, C., Simma, B., Streinz, R. (eds) Trade Policy between Law, Diplomacy and Scholarship. European Yearbook of International Economic Law(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15690-3_20

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