Abstract
Bile duct injury in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a rare but serious complication. Concomitant vascular injury worsens the outcome of bile duct injury repair. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) is a promising, innovative, and noninvasive method for the intraoperative identification of biliary and vascular anatomy during cholecystectomy. The results from our clinical feasibility study illustrate that biliary and vascular fluorescence imaging in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, using the D-Light P System (Tricam SLII; Karl Storz Endoscopes) and preoperative administration of ICG, is easily applicable in clinical practice, can be helpful for earlier visualization of the biliary tree and is useful for the confirmation of the arterial anatomy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- CA:
-
Cystic artery
- CBD:
-
Common bile duct
- CD:
-
Cystic duct
- CVS:
-
Critical view of safety
- ICG:
-
Indocyanine green
- NIRF:
-
Near-infrared fluorescence
- TBR:
-
Target-to-background ratio
- WL:
-
White light
References
Schols RM, Bouvy ND, Masclee AA, van Dam RM, Dejong CH, Stassen LP. Fluorescence cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a feasibility study on early biliary tract delineation. Surg Endosc. 2013;27:1530–6.
Schols RM, Bouvy ND, van Dam RM, Masclee AA, Dejong CH, Stassen LP. Combined vascular and biliary fluorescence imaging in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 2013;27:4511–7.
Flum DR, Dellinger EP, Cheadle A, Chan L, Koepsell T. Intraoperative cholangiography and risk of common bile duct injury during cholecystectomy. JAMA. 2003;289:1639–44.
Fletcher DR, Hobbs MS, Tan P, Valinsky LJ, Hockey RL, Pikora TJ, Knuiman MW, Sheiner HJ, Edis A. Complications of cholecystectomy: risks of the laparoscopic approach and protective effects of operative cholangiography: a population-based study. Ann Surg. 1999;229:449–57.
Nuzzo G, Giuliante F, Giovannini I, Ardito F, D’Acapito F, Vellone M, Murazio M, Capelli G. Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: results of an Italian national survey on 56 591 cholecystectomies. Arch Surg. 2005;140:986–92.
Waage A, Nilsson M. Iatrogenic bile duct injury: a population-based study of 152 776 cholecystectomies in the Swedish Inpatient Registry. Arch Surg. 2006;141:1207–13.
Way LW, Stewart L, Gantert W, Liu K, Lee CM, Whang K, Hunter JG. Causes and prevention of laparoscopic bile duct injuries: analysis of 252 cases from a human factors and cognitive psychology perspective. Ann Surg. 2003;237:460–9.
Sarno G, Al-Sarira AA, Ghaneh P, Fenwick SW, Malik HZ, Poston GJ. Cholecystectomy-related bile duct and vasculobiliary injuries. Br J Surg. 2012;99:1129–36.
Strasberg SM, Hertl M, Soper NJ. An analysis of the problem of biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Am Coll Surg. 1995;180:101–25.
Kuwada T. Highlights of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons 2005, Annual Meeting April 13–16, 2005; Ft Lauderdale, FL. Medscape General Surgery: Conference reports, http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/506432
Agarwal BB. Patient safety in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Arch Surg. 2009;144:979. author reply 979.
Buddingh KT, Nieuwenhuijs VB, van Buuren L, Hulscher JB, de Jong JS, van Dam GM. Intraoperative assessment of biliary anatomy for prevention of bile duct injury: a review of current and future patient safety interventions. Surg Endosc. 2011;25:2449–61.
Lange JF, Stassen LPS. Best practice in verband met de techniek van laparoscopische cholecystectomie (Critical View of Safety [CVS] in 7 stappen). Werkgroep Endoscopische Chirurgie van de Nederlandse vereniging voor Heelkunde. 2006; http://www.heelkunde.nl/uploads/_6/re/_6reZZkgrYUAuCG6uvcN-A/richtlijn_galsteen.pdf
Johnston EV, Anson BJ. Variations in the formation and vascular relationships of the bile ducts. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1952;94:669–86.
Tagaya N, Shimoda M, Kato M, Nakagawa A, Abe A, Iwasaki Y, Oishi H, Shirotani N, Kubota K. Intraoperative exploration of biliary anatomy using fluorescence imaging of indocyanine green in experimental and clinical cholecystectomies. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2010;17:595–600.
Ishizawa T, Bandai Y, Ijichi M, Kaneko J, Hasegawa K, Kokudo N. Fluorescent cholangiography illuminating the biliary tree during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg. 2010;97:1369–77.
Ishizawa T, Kaneko J, Inoue Y, Takemura N, Seyama Y, Aoki T, Beck Y, Sugawara Y, Hasegawa K, Harada N, Ijichi M, Kusaka K, Shibasaki M, Bandai Y, Kokudo N. Application of fluorescent cholangiography to single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 2011;25:2631–6.
Aoki T, Murakami M, Yasuda D, Shimizu Y, Kusano T, Matsuda K, Niiya T, Kato H, Murai N, Otsuka K, Kusano M, Kato T. Intraoperative fluorescent imaging using indocyanine green for liver mapping and cholangiography. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2010;17:590–4.
Spinoglio G, Priora F, Bianchi PP, Lucido FS, Licciardello A, Maglione V, Grosso F, Quarati R, Ravazzoni F, Lenti LM. Real-time near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent cholangiography in single-site robotic cholecystectomy (SSRC): a single-institutional prospective study. Surg Endosc. 2013;27:2156–62.
Buchs NC, Hagen ME, Pugin F, Volonte F, Bucher P, Schiffer E, Morel P. Intra-operative fluorescent cholangiography using indocyanine green during robotic single site cholecystectomy. Int J Med Robot. 2012;8:436–40.
Ashitate Y, Stockdale A, Choi HS, Laurence RG, Frangioni JV. Real-time simultaneous near-infrared fluorescence imaging of bile duct and arterial anatomy. J Surg Res. 2012;176:7–13.
Mitsuhashi N, Kimura F, Shimizu H, Imamaki M, Yoshidome H, Ohtsuka M, Kato A, Yoshitomi H, Nozawa S, Furukawa K, Takeuchi D, Takayashiki T, Suda K, Igarashi T, Miyazaki M. Usefulness of intraoperative fluorescence imaging to evaluate local anatomy in hepatobiliary surgery. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2008;15:508–14.
Kaneko J, Ishizawa T, Masuda K, Kawaguchi Y, Aoki T, Sakamoto Y, Hasegawa K, Sugawara Y, Kokudo N. Indocyanine green reinjection technique for use in fluorescent angiography concomitant with cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2012;22:341–4.
Pulitano C, Parks RW, Ireland H, Wigmore SJ, Garden OJ. Impact of concomitant arterial injury on the outcome of laparoscopic bile duct injury. Am J Surg. 2011;201:238–44.
Schmidt SC, Langrehr JM, Raakow R, Klupp J, Steinmuller T, Neuhaus P. Right hepatic lobectomy for recurrent cholangitis after combined bile duct and right hepatic artery injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a report of two cases. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2002;387:183–7.
Ankersmit M, van der Pas MH, van Dam DA, Meijerink WJ. Near infrared fluorescence lymphatic laparoscopy of the colon and mesocolon. Colorectal Dis. 2011;13 Suppl 7:70–3.
Verbeek FP, Schaafsma BE, Tummers QR, van der Vorst JR, van der Made WJ, Baeten CI, Bonsing BA, Frangioni JV, van de Velde CJ, Vahrmeijer AL, Swijnenburg RJ. Optimization of near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography for open and laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc. 2014;28:1076.
Schols RM, Bouvy ND, van Dam RM, Stassen LP. Advanced intraoperative imaging methods for laparoscopic anatomy navigation: an overview. Surg Endosc. 2013;27:1851–9.
Frangioni JV, Tanaka E, Borud LJ. Intraoperative imaging methods. Patent Cooperation Treaty WO/2008/076467, http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/WO2008076467
Schols RM, Lodewick TM, Bouvy ND, van Dam DA, Meijerink WJHJ, van Dam GM, Dejong CHC, Stassen LPS. Near-infrared fluorescence laparoscopy of the cystic duct and artery in pigs: performance of a preclinical dye. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech. 2014;24(5):318–22.
Schols RM, Lodewick TM, Bouvy ND, van Dam GM, Dejong CH, Stassen LP. Application of a new dye for near-infrared fluorescence laparoscopy of the ureters: demonstration in a pig model. Dis Colon Rectum. 2014;57(3):407–11
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Electronic Supplementary Material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Video 5.2
This short video fragment illustrates concomitant fluorescence cholangiography and angiography at establishment of Critical View of Safety. Fluorescence delineation of the cystic artery is obtained after repeat ICG injection. The intraoperative snapshot as displayed in Fig. 5.5 is taken from the same surgical procedure (M4V 1,750 kb)
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schols, R.M., Bouvy, N.D., van Dam, R.M., Stassen, L.P.S. (2015). D-Light P System (Karl Storz). In: Dip, F., Ishizawa, T., Kokudo, N., Rosenthal, R. (eds) Fluorescence Imaging for Surgeons. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15678-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15678-1_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-15677-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-15678-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)