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Studies on Hepatic Disorders pp 357–370Cite as

Oxidative Stress in the Central Nervous System Complications of Chronic Liver Failure

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Abstract

Hepatic encephalopathy is a serious and debilitating neuropsychiatric complication of liver failure. Observed in approximately 80 % of patients with chronic liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy is characterized by cognitive, psychiatric, and motor disturbances. Characteristic symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy include personality changes, sleep abnormalities, asterixis, and muscle rigidity progressing through stupor to coma. The pathophysiologic basis of hepatic encephalopathy remains unclear. Nevertheless, there is general agreement that ammonia plays a key role. Over the years, it has been suggested that oxidative stress constitutes part of the pathophysiologic cascade in hepatic encephalopathy. Direct evidence for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy has been demonstrated in experimental animal models of chronic liver failure as well as in in vitro experiments. However, evidence from studies in patients suffering from chronic liver failure-induced hepatic encephalopathy is limited. This chapter will highlight the evidence, from in vitro, in vivo, and human studies, implicating oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. This chapter will also summarize potential antioxidant strategies in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.

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  1. Department of Nutrition, Montréal University Health Center (CHUM), Université de Montréal, 900, rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R12.458, Montréal, QC, Canada, H2X 0A9

    Chantal Bemeur Dt.P., Ph.D.

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  1. Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy

    Emanuele Albano

  2. Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy

    Maurizio Parola

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Bemeur, C. (2015). Oxidative Stress in the Central Nervous System Complications of Chronic Liver Failure. In: Albano, E., Parola, M. (eds) Studies on Hepatic Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15539-5_16

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