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Solvent-Free Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials

  • Chapter
Green Processes for Nanotechnology

Abstract

Meeting the growing needs for more ecologically friendly, “green” processes for the functionalization of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), a variety of chemical reactions proceeding under solvent-free conditions were proposed. Significant advances were achieved in the solvent-free covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs): a number of reactions were proposed to introduce organic moieties into the nanotube ends and sidewalls, which can be initiated by temperature, plasma, or mechanochemical treatment. In a number of instances, however, the concept “solvent-free” is applied to the reaction conditions only, whereas the entire synthetic protocol still requires auxiliary purification steps, which consume organic solvents along with an additional time, labor, and equipment. Our group systematically worked on the development of totally solvent-free functionalization techniques, with an emphasis on the covalent modification of CNTs, and attempting to further apply the same solvent-free protocols to other CNMs, nanodiamond in particular. The functionalization protocols designed by us are based on thermally activated reactions of amidation and nucleophilic addition with chemical compounds (mainly amines and thiols), which are stable and volatile at 150–200 °C under reduced pressure. Among main advantages of this approach is that not only the reactions per se take place at a high rate but also excess reagents are spontaneously removed from the functionalized material, thus making its additional purification unnecessary. As regards other CNMs, while the research effort undertaken for the chemical modification of ND, graphene, and graphene oxide as a whole is significant, the possibility of using solvent-free techniques for this purpose remains strongly underexplored.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support from the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (grant CONACYT- 127299) and from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (grants DGAPA-IN100815 and IN101313) is greatly appreciated.

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  1. Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior C.U., 04510, México, DF, Mexico

    Elena V. Basiuk

  2. Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior C.U., 04510, Mexico, DF, Mexico

    Vladimir A. Basiuk

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    Vladimir A. Basiuk

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    Elena V. Basiuk

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Basiuk, E.V., Basiuk, V.A. (2015). Solvent-Free Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials. In: Basiuk, V., Basiuk, E. (eds) Green Processes for Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15461-9_6

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